I-acetonelulwelo olungenambala, oluguquguqukayo olusetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino nakubomi bemihla ngemihla.Luhlobo lomzimba we-ketone kunye ne-molecular formula C3H6O.I-acetone yinto enokutsha enendawo yokubilisa ye-56.11°C kunye nendawo yokunyibilika -94.99°C. Inevumba elibi elicaphukisayo kwaye liyaguquguquka kakhulu.Iyanyibilika emanzini, ether, nase-alcohol, kodwa hayi emanzini.Yinto eluncedo ekrwada kwishishini lemichiza, engasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ikwasetyenziswa njenge-solvent, isicoci, njl.

Ziziphi izithako ze-acetone?Nangona i-acetone iyikhompawundi ecocekileyo yeekhemikhali, inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa ibandakanya ukusabela okuninzi.Makhe sijonge ukubunjwa kwe-acetone kwinkqubo yokuvelisa.

Okokuqala, zeziphi iindlela zokwenza i-acetone?Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuvelisa i-acetone, phakathi kwayo eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yi-catalytic oxidation yepropylene.Le nkqubo isebenzisa umoya njenge-oxidant, kwaye isebenzisa i-catalyst efanelekileyo ukuguqula ipropylene ibe yi-acetone kunye ne-hydrogen peroxide.I-reaction equation imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

CH3CH=CH2 + 3/2O2→CH3COCH3 + H2O2

I-catalyst esetyenziswayo kule ndlela yokusabela idla ngokuba yi-oxide ye-titanium dioxide exhaswa kwi-inert carrier efanaγ-Al2O3.Olu hlobo lwe-catalyst lunomsebenzi omhle kunye nokukhetha ukuguqulwa kwepropylene kwi-acetone.Ukongezelela, ezinye iindlela zibandakanya ukuveliswa kwe-acetone nge-dehydrogenation ye-isopropanol, ukuveliswa kwe-acetone nge-hydrolysis ye-acrolein, njl.

Ke zeziphi iikhemikhali ezenza i-acetone?Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-acetone, ipropylene isetyenziswa njengento eluhlaza, kwaye umoya usetyenziswa njenge-oxidant.I-catalyst esetyenziswayo kule nkqubo idla ngokuba yi-titanium dioxide exhaswayoγ-Al2O3.Ukongezelela, ukuze ufumane i-acetone ephezulu, emva kokuphendula, ukuhlukana kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwamanyathelo afana ne-distillation kunye nokulungiswa ngokuqhelekileyo kuyadingeka ukususa ezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kwimveliso yokusabela.

Ukongezelela, ukuze ufumane i-acetone ephezulu, ukuhlukana kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwamanyathelo afana ne-distillation kunye nokulungiswa ngokuqhelekileyo kuyadingeka ukususa ezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kwimveliso yokusabela.Ukongezelela, ukwenzela ukukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yabantu, amanyathelo afanelekileyo onyango kufuneka athathwe kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ukunciphisa ukungcola kunye nokukhutshwa.

Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yokuvelisa i-acetone ibandakanya ukuphendulwa kunye namanyathelo amaninzi, kodwa eyona nto iphambili ekrwada kunye ne-oxidant yipropylene kunye nomoya ngokulandelanayo.Ukongeza, i-titanium dioxide ixhaswaγ-Al2O3 idla ngokusetyenziswa njenge-catalyst ukukhuthaza inkqubo yokusabela.Ekugqibeleni, emva kokuhlukana kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwamanyathelo afana ne-distillation kunye nokulungiswa, i-acetone ephezulu yokucoca inokufumaneka ukuze isetyenziswe kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.