Igama lemveliso:i-polyurethane

Ulwakhiwo lwemolekyuli yemveliso:

Iinkcazelo ngeMichiza:

I-Polyurethane (PU), igama elipheleleyo le-polyurethane, i-polymer compound.Ngo-1937 ngu-Otto Bayer kunye nokunye ukuveliswa kwesi sixhobo.Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-polyurethane, uhlobo lwe-polyester kunye nohlobo lwe-polyether.Zingenziwa kwiiplastiki ze-polyurethane (ikakhulukazi i-foam), i-polyurethane fibers (ebizwa ngokuba yi-spandex e-China), i-rubber ye-polyurethane kunye ne-elastomers.
I-polyurethane ene-Flexible ubukhulu becala i-linear structure kunye ne-thermoplasticity, enozinzo olungcono, ukuxhathisa iikhemikhali, ukuqina kunye neempawu zemishini kune-PVC ye-foam, kunye nokuguquguquka okuncinci.Ine-insulation efanelekileyo ye-thermal, ukugquma kwesandi, ukuxhathisa ukothuka, kunye neempawu ezichasene netyhefu.Ke ngoko, isetyenziselwa ukupakisha, ukugquma isandi kunye nezixhobo zokucoca.Iplastiki ye-polyurethane eqinile ilula, i-insulation yesandi, ukugquma kwe-thermal ephezulu, ukumelana neekhemikhali, iimpawu zombane ezilungileyo, ukusetyenzwa lula, kunye nokufunxa kwamanzi aphantsi.Isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengezinto zokwakha, iimoto, ishishini lokubhabha, ukugquma ubushushu kunye nokugqunyelelwa kwe-thermal.Ukusebenza kwe-polyurethane elastomer phakathi kweplastiki kunye nerabha, ukuxhathisa kweoli, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi, ukumelana nokuguga, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukuqina.Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini leembadada kunye neshishini lezonyango.I-polyurethane inokwenziwa ibe yi-adhesives, i-coatings, i-synthetic yesikhumba, njl.

Isicelo:

I-polyurethanes yenye yezona zinto zisebenza kakhulu kwihlabathi namhlanje.Ukusetyenziswa kwabo okuninzi ukusuka kwi-foam eguquguqukayo kwifanitshala ephakanyisiweyo, ukuya kwi-foam eqinile njenge-insulation kwiindonga, uphahla kunye nezixhobo zombane kwi-thermoplastic polyurethane esetyenziswa kwizixhobo zonyango kunye nezihlangu, ukuya kwiingubo, i-adhesives, sealants kunye ne-elastomers ezisetyenziswa kwimigangatho kunye nangaphakathi kweemoto.Iipolyurethanes ziye zasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu edlulileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yentuthuzelo yazo, izibonelelo zeendleko, ukonga amandla kunye nokuvakala kwendalo esingqongileyo.Zeziphi ezinye zezinto ezenza ukuba i-polyurethanes inqweneleke kangaka?Ukuqina kwePolyurethane kunegalelo elikhulu kubomi obude beemveliso ezininzi.Izandiso zomjikelo wobomi bemveliso kunye nokugcinwa kobutyebi yingqwalasela ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo edla ngokukhetha ukukhethwa kweepolyurethanes[19-21].I-Polyurethanes (i-PUs) imele iklasi ebalulekileyo ye-thermoplastic kunye ne-thermoset polymers njengoko i-mechanical yabo, i-thermal, kunye neempawu zeekhemikhali zinokuthi zilungelelaniswe ngokuphendula kwee-polyols ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-poly-isocyanates.