Igama lemveliso:i-polyurethane

Ulwakhiwo lwemolekyuli yemveliso:

Iinkcazelo ngeMichiza:

I-Polyurethane (PU), igama elipheleleyo le-polyurethane, i-polymer compound. Ngo-1937 ngu-Otto Bayer kunye nokunye ukuveliswa kwesi sixhobo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-polyurethane, uhlobo lwe-polyester kunye nohlobo lwe-polyether. Zingenziwa kwiiplastiki ze-polyurethane (ikakhulukazi i-foam), i-polyurethane fibers (ebizwa ngokuba yi-spandex e-China), i-rubber ye-polyurethane kunye ne-elastomers.
I-polyurethane ene-Flexible ubukhulu becala i-linear structure kunye ne-thermoplasticity, enozinzo olungcono, ukuxhathisa imichiza, ukuqina kunye neempawu zemishini kune-PVC ye-foam, kunye nokuguquguquka okuncinci. Ine-insulation efanelekileyo ye-thermal, ukugquma kwesandi, ukuxhathisa ukothuka, kunye neempawu ezichasene netyhefu. Ke ngoko, isetyenziselwa ukupakisha, ukugquma isandi kunye nezixhobo zokucoca. Iplastiki ye-polyurethane eqinile ilula, i-insulation yesandi, ukugquma kwe-thermal ephezulu, ukumelana neekhemikhali, iimpawu zombane ezilungileyo, ukusetyenzwa lula, kunye nokufunxa kwamanzi aphantsi. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengezinto zokwakha, iimoto, ishishini lokubhabha, ukugquma ubushushu kunye nokugqunyelelwa kwe-thermal. Ukusebenza kwe-polyurethane elastomer phakathi kweplastiki kunye nerabha, ukuxhathisa kweoli, ukumelana nokunxiba, ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi, ukumelana nokuguga, ubunzima obuphezulu, ukuqina. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini leembadada kunye neshishini lezonyango. I-polyurethane inokwenziwa ibe yi-adhesives, i-coatings, isikhumba sokwenziwa, njl.

Isicelo:

I-polyurethanes yenye yezona zinto zisebenza kakhulu kwihlabathi namhlanje. Ukusetyenziswa kwabo okuninzi ukusuka kwi-foam eguquguqukayo kwifanitshala ephakanyisiweyo, ukuya kwi-foam eqinile njenge-insulation kwiindonga, uphahla kunye nezixhobo zombane kwi-thermoplastic polyurethane esetyenziswa kwizixhobo zonyango kunye nezihlangu, ukuya kwiingubo, i-adhesives, i-sealants kunye ne-elastomers ezisetyenziswa kwimigangatho kunye nangaphakathi kweemoto. Iipolyurethanes ziye zasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu edlulileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yentuthuzelo yazo, izibonelelo zeendleko, ukonga amandla kunye nokuvakala kwendalo esingqongileyo. Zeziphi ezinye zezinto ezenza ukuba i-polyurethanes inqweneleke kangaka? Ukuqina kwePolyurethane kunegalelo elikhulu kubomi obude beemveliso ezininzi. Izandiso zomjikelo wobomi bemveliso kunye nokugcinwa kobutyebi yingqwalasela ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo edla ngokukhetha ukukhethwa kweepolyurethanes[19-21]. I-Polyurethanes (i-PUs) imele iklasi ebalulekileyo ye-thermoplastic kunye ne-thermoset polymers njengoko i-mechanical yabo, i-thermal, kunye neempawu zeekhemikhali zinokuthi zilungelelaniswe ngokuphendula kwee-polyols ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-poly-isocyanates.