Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya iimveliso eziphambili kwikhonkco loshishino lwaseTshayina lweC3 kunye nophando lwangoku kunye nolwalathiso lophuhliso lwetekhnoloji.

(1)Ubume bangoku kunye neeNdlela zoPhuhliso zePolypropylene (PP) Technology

Ngokophando lwethu, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa i-polypropylene (PP) e-China, phakathi kwazo ezona nkqubo zibalulekileyo zibandakanya inkqubo yombhobho wendalo yasekhaya, inkqubo ye-Unipol yeNkampani ye-Daoju, inkqubo ye-Spheriol yeNkampani yeLyondellBasell, inkqubo ye-Innovene yeNkampani ye-Ineos, inkqubo ye-Novolen. yeNkampani yeNordic Chemical, kunye nenkqubo yeSpherizone yeLyondellBasell Company.Ezi nkqubo zikwamkelwe ngokubanzi ngamashishini aseTshayina ePP.Ezi teknoloji zilawula ubukhulu becala izinga lokuguqulwa kwepropylene phakathi koluhlu lwe-1.01-1.02.

Inkqubo yombhobho yasekhaya yasekhaya ithatha i-catalyst ye-ZN ephuhliswe ngokuzimeleyo, okwangoku ilawulwa yiteknoloji yenkqubo yombhobho wesibini.Le nkqubo isekelwe kwii-catalysts ezizimeleyo eziphuhlisiwe, iteknoloji ye-electron donor asymmetric, kunye ne-propylene butadiene binary random copolymerization technology, kwaye inokuvelisa i-homopolymerization, i-ethylene propylene random copolymerization, i-propylene butadiene random copolymerization, kunye ne-impembelelo enganyangekiyo ye-copolymerization PP.Ngokomzekelo, iinkampani ezifana ne-Shanghai Petrochemical Third Line, i-Zhenhai Refining kunye ne-Chemical First kunye ne-Second Lines, kunye ne-Maoming Second Line ziye zasebenzisa le nkqubo.Ngokunyuka kwamaziko amatsha emveliso kwixa elizayo, inkqubo yombhobho wokusingqongileyo kwisizukulwana sesithathu kulindeleke ukuba ngokuthe ngcembe ibe yeyona nkqubo ilawulayo yasekhaya yombhobho wokusingqongileyo.

Inkqubo ye-Unipol inokuvelisa i-homopolymers kwi-industry, kunye ne-melt flow rate (MFR) uluhlu lwe-0.5 ~ 100g / 10min.Ukongezelela, i-fraction mass ye-ethylene copolymer monomers kwi-copolymers engahleliwe inokufikelela kwi-5.5%.Le nkqubo inokuvelisa i-industrialized random copolymer yepropylene kunye ne-1-butene (igama lokuthengisa i-CE-FOR), kunye neqhezu le-rubber mass ukuya kwi-14%.Ubuninzi beqhezu le-ethylene kwimpembelelo ye-copolymer eveliswe yinkqubo ye-Unipol inokufikelela kwi-21% (iqhekeza elikhulu lerabha yi-35%).Inkqubo isetyenziswe kumaziko amashishini afana neFushun Petrochemical kunye neSichuan Petrochemical.

Inkqubo ye-Innovene inokuvelisa iimveliso ze-homopolymer ezinoluhlu olubanzi lwesantya sokunyibilika (MFR), esinokufikelela kwi-0.5-100g / 10min.Ukuqina kwayo kwemveliso kuphezulu kunezinye iinkqubo ze-polymerization zesigaba segesi.I-MFR yeemveliso ze-copolymer ezingahleliwe yi-2-35g / 10min, kunye neqhekeza elikhulu le-ethylene ukusuka kwi-7% ukuya kwi-8%.I-MFR yeemveliso ze-copolymer ezixhathisa impembelelo yi-1-35g / 10min, kunye neqhekeza elikhulu le-ethylene ukusuka kwi-5% ukuya kwi-17%.

Okwangoku, itekhnoloji yemveliso eqhelekileyo yePP eTshayina ikhule kakhulu.Ukuthatha amashishini e-polypropylene esekelwe kwioli njengomzekelo, akukho mmahluko obalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kweyunithi yokuvelisa, iindleko zokucubungula, inzuzo, njl. phakathi kweshishini ngalinye.Ngokwembono yeendidi zemveliso ezigutyungelwe ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, iinkqubo zesiqhelo zinokuquka lonke udidi lwemveliso.Nangona kunjalo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ezona ndidi zeziphumo zamashishini asele ekhona, kukho umahluko omkhulu kwiimveliso zePP phakathi kwamashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yezinto ezinje ngejografi, imiqobo yetekhnoloji, kunye nemathiriyeli ekrwada.

(2)Ubume bangoku kunye neendlela zoPhuhliso lwe-Acrylic Acid Technology

Iasidi ye-Acrylic yimathiriyeli ebalulekileyo yekhemikhali ekrwada esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yezinto zokuncamathelisa kunye neengubo ezinyibilikayo zamanzi, kwaye iqhele ukwenziwa ibe yi butyl acrylate kunye nezinye iimveliso.Ngokutsho kophando, kukho iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa i-acrylic acid, kuquka indlela ye-chloroethanol, indlela ye-cyanoethanol, indlela ye-Reppe ephezulu yoxinzelelo, indlela ye-enone, indlela ye-Reppe ephuculweyo, indlela ye-formaldehyde ethanol, indlela ye-acrylonitrile hydrolysis, indlela ye-ethylene, indlela ye-propylene oxidation, kunye ne-biological. indlela.Nangona kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungiselela iasidi ye-acrylic, kwaye uninzi lwazo lusetyenzisiwe kushishino, eyona nkqubo iphambili yemveliso kwihlabathi jikelele iseyi-oxidation ethe ngqo yepropylene ukuya kwinkqubo ye-acrylic acid.

Iimathiriyeli ekrwada yokuvelisa iasidi ye-acrylic ngokusebenzisa ipropylene oxidation ikakhulu ibandakanya umphunga wamanzi, umoya, kunye nepropylene.Ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso, ezi zintathu zingena kwi-oxidation reactions ngokusebenzisa ibhedi ye-catalyst ngokomlinganiselo othile.Ipropylene iqala i-oxidized kwi-acrolein kwi-reactor yokuqala, kwaye emva koko i-oxidized kwi-acrylic acid kwi-reactor yesibini.Umphunga wamanzi udlala indima yokuhlanjululwa kule nkqubo, ukuphepha ukwenzeka kogqabhuko-dubulo kunye nokucinezela ukuveliswa kweempendulo zecala.Nangona kunjalo, ukongeza ekuveliseni iasidi ye-acrylic, le nkqubo yokusabela iphinda ivelise i-acetic acid kunye ne-carbon oxides ngenxa yeempendulo zecala.

Ngokutsho kophando lukaPingtou Ge, isitshixo se-acrylic acid oxidation process technology silele ekukhethweni kwee-catalysts.Okwangoku, iinkampani ezinokubonelela ngetekhnoloji ye-acrylic acid ngepropylene oxidation zibandakanya iSohio eUnited States, iJapan Catalyst Chemical Company, iMitsubishi Chemical Company eJapan, iBASF eJamani, kunye neJapan Chemical Technology.

Inkqubo ye-Sohio eUnited States yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokuvelisa i-acrylic acid ngokusebenzisa i-propylene oxidation, ebonakaliswe ngokuzisa ngaxeshanye ipropylene, umoya, kunye nomphunga wamanzi zibe zimbini ezidityanisiweyo zezixhobo zebhedi ezisisigxina, kunye nokusebenzisa i-Mo Bi kunye ne-Mo-V multi-component metal. iioksidi njenge-catalysts, ngokulandelelanayo.Ngaphantsi kwale ndlela, isivuno sendlela enye ye-acrylic acid inokufikelela malunga ne-80% (i-molar ratio).Inzuzo yendlela ye-Sohio kukuba ii-reactors ezimbini zechungechunge zinokunyusa ixesha lokuphila kwe-catalyst, ukufikelela kwiminyaka emi-2.Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela inesithintelo sokuba ipropylene engaphendulwanga ayinakufunyanwa kwakhona.

Indlela ye-BASF: Ukususela ekupheleni kwe-1960, i-BASF iqhuba uphando malunga nokuveliswa kwe-acrylic acid nge-propylene oxidation.Indlela ye-BASF isebenzisa i-Mo Bi okanye i-Mo Co catalysts ye-propylene oxidation reaction, kwaye isivuno sendlela enye ye-acrolein efunyenweyo inokufikelela malunga ne-80% (i-molar ratio).Emva koko, usebenzisa i-Mo, W, V, kunye ne-Fe-based catalysts, i-acrolein yaphinda yaxutywa kwi-acid ye-acrylic, kunye neyona ndlela iphezulu yesivuno esimalunga ne-90% (i-molar ratio).Ubomi be-catalyst ye-BASF indlela inokufikelela kwiminyaka eyi-4 kwaye inkqubo ilula.Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela inezithintelo ezinjengendawo yokubilisa ephezulu ye-solvent, ukucocwa kwezixhobo rhoqo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokubanzi.

Indlela ye-catalyst yaseJapan: Iireactor ezimbini ezizinzileyo kuthotho kunye nenkqubo yokwahlula iinqaba ezisixhenxe ezihambelanayo nazo ziyasetyenziswa.Inyathelo lokuqala kukungena elementi Co kwi-Mo Bi catalyst njengoko catalyst reaction, uze usebenzise Mo, V, kunye Cu oksayidi ezidibeneyo metal njengoko catalysts eziphambili kwireactor yesibini, exhaswa silica kunye nemonoxide lead.Ngaphantsi kwale nkqubo, isivuno sendlela enye ye-acrylic acid malunga ne-83-86% (i-molar ratio).Indlela ye-catalyst yaseJapan ithatha ireyitha enye ebekiweyo yebhedi esisigxina kunye nenkqubo yokwahlula iinqaba ezisi-7, enezixhobo eziphambili, isivuno esiphezulu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi.Le ndlela ngoku yenye yenkqubo yemveliso ephucukileyo, ngokuhambelana nenkqubo yeMitsubishi yaseJapan.

(3)Ubume bangoku kunye neeNdlela zoPhuhliso zeButyl Acrylate Technology

I-butyl acrylate lulwelo olungenambala olucacileyo olunganyibilikiyo emanzini kwaye lunokuxutywa ne-ethanol kunye ne-ether.Le khompawundi kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo epholileyo nengena umoya.I-Acrylic acid kunye neester zayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini.Azisetyenziswanga kuphela ukwenza iimonomers ezithambileyo ze-acrylate solvent esekelwe kunye ne-lotion based adhesives, kodwa zinokuthi zenziwe i-homopolymerized, i-copolymerized kunye ne-graft copolymerized ukuze ibe yi-polymer monomers kwaye isetyenziswe njenge-organic synthesis intermediates.

Okwangoku, inkqubo yokuvelisa i-butyl acrylate ibandakanya ukusabela kwe-acrylic acid kunye ne-butanol phambi kwe-toluene sulfonic acid ukuvelisa i-butyl acrylate kunye namanzi.I-esterification reaction ebandakanyekayo kule nkqubo yindlela eqhelekileyo yokubuyisela umva, kwaye iindawo ezibilayo ze-acrylic acid kunye nemveliso ye-butyl acrylate zisondele kakhulu.Ngoko ke, kunzima ukwahlula i-asidi ye-acrylic usebenzisa i-distillation, kwaye i-asidi ye-acrylic engaphendulwanga ayikwazi ukuphinda isetyenziswe.

Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-butyl acrylate esterification method, ikakhulu evela kwiJilin Petrochemical Engineering Research Institute kunye namanye amaziko anxulumeneyo.Le teknoloji sele ikhulile kakhulu, kwaye iyunithi yokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwe-acrylic acid kunye ne-n-butanol ichanekile kakhulu, iyakwazi ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kweyunithi ngaphakathi kwe-0.6.Ngaphezu koko, le teknoloji sele iphumelele intsebenziswano kunye nokudluliselwa.

(4)Ubume bangoku kunye neendlela zoPhuhliso zeCPP Technology

Ifilimu ye-CPP yenziwe nge-polypropylene njengeyona nto iphambili ekrwada ngeendlela ezithile zokusetyenzwa ezifana ne-T-shaped die extrusion casting.Le filimu inokumelana nobushushu kwaye, ngenxa yeempawu zayo zokupholisa ngokukhawuleza, inokwenza ukuguda okugqwesileyo kunye nokungafihli.Ke ngoko, kwizicelo zokupakisha ezifuna ukucaca okuphezulu, ifilimu yeCPP yeyona nto ikhethwayo.Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwefilimu ye-CPP kukupakisha kokutya, kunye nokuveliswa kwe-aluminium yokugqoka, ukupakisha amayeza, kunye nokugcinwa kweziqhamo kunye nemifuno.

Okwangoku, inkqubo yokuveliswa kweefilimu ze-CPP ikakhulu i-co extrusion casting.Le nkqubo yokuvelisa iqulethe i-extruders ezininzi, abasasazi beziteshi ezininzi (ezibizwa ngokuba yi "feeders"), iintloko ze-T-shaped die heads, iinkqubo zokuphosa, iinkqubo ze-horizontal traction, i-oscillators, kunye neenkqubo ezijikelezayo.Ezona mpawu ziphambili zale nkqubo yokuvelisa kukumenyezela kakuhle komphezulu, ukuba tyaba okuphezulu, ukunyamezela ukutyeba okuncinci, ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini wokwandisa, ukuguquguquka okuhle, kunye nokungafihli kakuhle kweemveliso zefilimu ezibhityileyo.Uninzi lwabavelisi behlabathi be-CPP basebenzisa indlela yokuphosa ye-co extrusion kwimveliso, kwaye iteknoloji yezixhobo ikhulile.

Ukusukela phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1980, iChina iqalile ukwazisa izixhobo zokuvelisa ifilim zangaphandle, kodwa uninzi lwazo zizinto ezinomgangatho omnye kwaye zikwinqanaba lokuqala.Emva kokungena kwiminyaka yee-1990, i-China yazisa imigca yemveliso yeefilim enemigangatho emininzi evela kumazwe afana neJamani, iJapan, i-Itali, neOstriya.Ezi zixhobo zithengwa kumazwe angaphandle kunye nobuchwepheshe awona mandla aphambili kwishishini lefilimu laseTshayina.Ababoneleli bezixhobo eziphambili babandakanya iBruckner yaseJamani, iBartenfield, iLeifenhauer, kunye neOrchid yaseAustria.Ukusukela ngo-2000, i-China iye yazisa imigca yemveliso ephucukileyo, kwaye izixhobo eziveliswe ekhaya ziye zafumana uphuhliso olukhawulezayo.

Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa nenqanaba eliphezulu lamazwe ngamazwe, kusekho umsantsa othile kwinqanaba le-automation, inkqubo yokulawula i-extrusion yokulinganisa, i-automatic die head adjustment control film thickness, inkqubo ye-intanethi yokubuyisela imathiriyeli, kunye nokujija ngokuzenzekelayo kwezixhobo zefilimu zasekhaya.Okwangoku, abathengisi bezixhobo eziphambili zeteknoloji yefilimu ye-CPP baquka i-Bruckner yaseJamani, i-Leifenhauser, kunye ne-Austria's Lanzin, phakathi kwabanye.Aba baboneleli bamazwe angaphandle banenzuzo ebalulekileyo malunga ne-automation kunye neminye imiba.Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yangoku sele ikhulile, kwaye isantya sokuphucula iteknoloji yesixhobo siyacotha, kwaye akukho mda wentsebenziswano.

(5)Ubume bangoku kunye neendlela zoPhuhliso lwe-Acrylonitrile Technology

Iteknoloji ye-propylene ammonia oxidation okwangoku iyona ndlela iphambili yokuvelisa imveliso ye-acrylonitrile, kwaye phantse bonke abavelisi be-acrylonitrile basebenzisa i-BP (SOHIO) catalysts.Nangona kunjalo, kukho nabanye abaninzi ababoneleli be-catalyst onokukhetha kubo, njengeMitsubishi Rayon (eyayinguNitto ngaphambili) kunye no-Asahi Kasei waseJapan, i-Ascend Performance Material (eyayisakuba yi-Solutia) yase-United States, kunye ne-Sinopec.

Ngaphezulu kwe-95% yezityalo ze-acrylonitrile emhlabeni jikelele zisebenzisa iteknoloji ye-propylene ammonia oxidation (eyaziwa nangokuthi inkqubo ye-sohio) iphayona kwaye iphuhliswe yi-BP.Le teknoloji isebenzisa ipropylene, i-ammonia, umoya, kunye namanzi njengezinto eziluhlaza, kwaye ingena kwi-reactor ngokomlinganiselo othile.Ngaphantsi kwesenzo se-phosphorus molybdenum bismuth okanye i-antimony iron catalysts exhaswa kwi-silica gel, i-acrylonitrile yenziwa kwiqondo lokushisa lama-400-500.℃kunye noxinzelelo lomoya.Emva koko, emva koluhlu lwe-neutralization, i-absorption, i-extraction, i-dehydrocyanation, kunye ne-distillation amanyathelo, imveliso yokugqibela ye-acrylonitrile ifunyenwe.Isivuno sendlela enye yale ndlela sinokufikelela kwi-75%, kwaye iimveliso zibandakanya i-acetonitrile, i-hydrogen cyanide, kunye ne-ammonium sulfate.Le ndlela inexabiso eliphezulu lemveliso yoshishino.

Ukusukela ngo-1984, iSinopec isayine isivumelwano sexesha elide kunye ne-INEOS kwaye igunyaziswe ukuba isebenzise iteknoloji ye-INEOS yelungelo elilodwa lomenzi we-acrylonitrile eTshayina.Emva kweminyaka yophuhliso, iSinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Research Institute iye yaphuhlisa ngempumelelo indlela yobugcisa yepropylene ammonia oxidation ukuvelisa i-acrylonitrile, kwaye yakha isigaba sesibini seSinopec Anqing Branch ye-130000 yeprojekthi ye-acrylonitrile.Le projekthi ifakwe ngempumelelo ngoJanuwari 2014, inyusa umthamo wonyaka wokuvelisa i-acrylonitrile ukusuka kwiitoni ze-80000 ukuya kwiitoni ze-210000, ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesiseko semveliso ye-acrylonitrile ye-Sinopec.

Okwangoku, iinkampani kwihlabathi jikelele ezinamalungelo awodwa omenzi weteknoloji yepropylene ammonia oxidation ziquka iBP, iDuPont, i-Ineos, iAsahi Chemical, kunye neSinopec.Le nkqubo yokuvelisa ivuthiwe kwaye kulula ukuyifumana, kwaye i-China nayo iphumelele indawo yolu buchwepheshe, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo akukho ngaphantsi kobuchwepheshe bemveliso yangaphandle.

(6)Ubume bangoku kunye neeNdlela zoPhuhliso ze-ABS Technology

Ngokophando, indlela yenkqubo yesixhobo se-ABS yahlulwe ikakhulu kwindlela yokufakwa kwe-lotion kunye nendlela yobuninzi eqhubekayo.I-resin ye-ABS yaphuhliswa ngokusekelwe kukuguqulwa kwe-polystyrene resin.Kwi-1947, inkampani ye-rubber yaseMelika yamkele inkqubo yokudibanisa ukufezekisa ukuveliswa kwemveliso ye-ABS resin;Ngo-1954, iNkampani ye-BORG-WAMER e-United States yenza i-lotion graft eyenziwe nge-polymerized ABS resin kunye nemveliso yemizi-mveliso.Ukubonakala kokugxunyekwa kwe-lotion kukhuthaze uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini le-ABS.Ukususela ngo-1970, iteknoloji yenkqubo yokuvelisa i-ABS ingene kwixesha lophuhliso olukhulu.

Indlela yokuxutywa kwe-lotion yinkqubo yokuvelisa phambili, equka amanyathelo amane: ukuhlanganiswa kwe-butadiene latex, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-polymer yegrafti, i-synthesis ye-styrene kunye ne-acrylonitrile polymers, kunye nokudibanisa emva kokunyanga.Inkqubo ethile yokuhambahamba iquka iyunithi yePBL, iyunithi yokuxhunyelelwa, iyunithi yeSAN, kunye neyunithi yokudibanisa.Le nkqubo yokuvelisa inomgangatho ophezulu wokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwihlabathi jikelele.

Okwangoku, ubuchwephesha be-ABS obuqolileyo buvela ikakhulu kwiinkampani ezinjenge-LG eMzantsi Korea, iJSR eJapan, iDow eUnited States, iNew Lake Oil Chemical Co., Ltd. eMzantsi Korea, kunye neKellogg Technology eUnited States, zonke ezinenqanaba eliphambili lehlabathi lokukhula kobuchwepheshe.Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji, inkqubo yemveliso ye-ABS nayo ihlala iphucula kwaye iphucula.Kwixesha elizayo, iinkqubo zemveliso esebenzayo, ehambelana nokusingqongileyo, kunye nokonga umbane inokuvela, izise amathuba amaninzi kunye nemingeni ekuphuhliseni ishishini lemichiza.

(7)Ubume bobugcisa kunye nentsingiselo yophuhliso lwe-n-butanol

Ngokoqwalaselo, itekhnoloji ephambili yokwenziwa kwe-butanol kunye ne-octanol kwihlabathi liphela yinkqubo yolwelo lwe-cyclic ephantsi yoxinzelelo lwe-carbonyl synthesis.Izinto eziphambili zekrwada kule nkqubo ziyipropylene kunye negesi ye-synthesis.Phakathi kwazo, ipropylene ikakhulu ivela ekuziboneleleni ngokudibeneyo, kunye neyunithi yokusetyenziswa kwepropylene phakathi kwe-0.6 kunye ne-0.62 yeetoni.Igesi ye-Synthetic ilungiswa kakhulu ukusuka kwigesi yokukhupha okanye igesi yokwenziwa kwamalahle, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweyunithi phakathi kwe-700 kunye ne-720 cubic metres.

I-teknoloji ye-carbonyl synthesis ye-low-pressure ephuhliswe ngu-Dow / David - inkqubo yokujikeleza kwesigaba se-liquid ineenzuzo ezifana nezinga eliphezulu lokuguqulwa kwepropylene, ubomi benkonzo ye-catalyst ende, kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwenkunkuma emithathu.Le nkqubo okwangoku yeyona teknoloji iphezulu yemveliso kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiButanol yaseTshayina kunye namashishini e-octanol.

Ukuqwalasela ukuba iteknoloji yeDow / David ikhulile kwaye inokusetyenziswa ngokubambisana namashishini asekhaya, amashishini amaninzi aya kubeka phambili le teknoloji xa ukhetha ukutyalomali ekwakhiweni kweeyunithi ze-octanol ze-butanol, ezilandelwa yiteknoloji yasekhaya.

(8)Ubume bangoku kunye neendlela zoPhuhliso lweTekhnoloji yePolyacrylonitrile

I-Polyacrylonitrile (i-PAN) ifunyenwe nge-polymerization ye-radical yamahhala ye-acrylonitrile kwaye ibalulekile ephakathi ekulungiseleleni i-acrylonitrile fibers (i-acrylic fibers) kunye ne-polyacrylonitrile esekelwe kwi-carbon fibers.Ivela kwifomu emhlophe okanye etyheli kancinane yomgubo opaque, kunye nobushushu beglasi obumalunga nama-90℃.Inokunyibilika kwi-polar organic solvents efana ne-dimethylformamide (DMF) kunye ne-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), kunye nezisombululo ezigxininisiweyo ze-aqueous ze-salts ze-inorganic ezifana ne-thiocyanate kunye ne-perchlorate.Ukulungiswa kwe-polyacrylonitrile kubandakanya i-polymerization yesisombululo okanye i-aqueous precipitation polymerization ye-acrylonitrile (AN) kunye ne-non-ionic monomers yesibini kunye ne-ionic monomers yesithathu.

I-Polyacrylonitrile isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukwenza iintsinga ze-acrylic, eziyimicu yokwenziwa eyenziwe kwi-acrylonitrile copolymers enepesenti yobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-85%.Ngokwe-solvents ezisetyenziselwa inkqubo yokuvelisa, ziyakwazi ukuhlukaniswa njenge-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), i-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), i-sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN), kunye ne-dimethyl formamide (DMF).Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-solvents ezahlukeneyo kukunyibilika kwazo kwi-polyacrylonitrile, engenayo impembelelo ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-polymerization ethile.Ukongezelela, ngokwee-comonomers ezahlukeneyo, zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-itaconic acid (IA), i-methyl acrylate (MA), i-acrylamide (AM), kunye ne-methyl methacrylate (MMA), njl njl. iimpawu zemveliso ye-polymerization reactions.

Inkqubo yokudibanisa inokuba linyathelo elinye okanye amabini.Enye indlela yesinyathelo ibhekisela kwi-polymerization ye-acrylonitrile kunye ne-comonomers kwisimo sesisombululo kanye, kwaye iimveliso zinokulungiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwisisombululo sokujikeleza ngaphandle kokuhlukana.Umgaqo wamanyathelo amabini ubhekisela kwi-polymerization yokumiswa kwe-acrylonitrile kunye ne-comonomers emanzini ukufumana i-polymer, eyahlula, ihlanjwe, ihlanjwe ngamanzi, kunye namanye amanyathelo okwenza isisombululo sokujikeleza.Okwangoku, inkqubo yemveliso yehlabathi jikelele ye-polyacrylonitrile iyafana, kunye nokwahlukana kwiindlela ze-polymerization ezisezantsi kunye ne-co monomers.Okwangoku, uninzi lweefiber ze-polyacrylonitrile kumazwe ahlukeneyo emhlabeni jikelele zenziwa kwi-ternary copolymers, kunye ne-acrylonitrile accounting ye-90% kunye nokongezwa kwe-monomer yesibini ukusuka kwi-5% ukuya kwi-8%.Injongo yokongeza i-monomer yesibini kukuphucula amandla oomatshini, ukuqina, kunye nokuthungwa kweentsinga, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kokudaya.Iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka i-MMA, MA, i-vinyl acetate, njl. Isixa songezelelo se-monomer yesithathu yi-0.3% -2%, ngenjongo yokwazisa inani elithile lamaqela edayi ye-hydrophilic ukunyusa ukuhambelana kweefayili kunye nedayi, yahlulwe yangamaqela edayi ye-cationic kunye namaqela edayi eneasidi.

Okwangoku, iJapan ngummeli oyintloko wenkqubo yehlabathi ye-polyacrylonitrile, elandelwa ngamazwe afana neJamani kunye ne-United States.Amashishini abameli aquka iZoltek, iHexcel, iCytec neAldila yaseJapan, iDongbang, iMitsubishi neUnited States, iSGL yaseJamani kunye neFormosa Plastics Group yaseTaiwan, eChina, eChina.Okwangoku, iteknoloji yenkqubo yemveliso yehlabathi ye-polyacrylonitrile ikhulile, kwaye akukho ndawo ingako yokuphucula imveliso.