Phenolyimathiriyeli ekrwada yekhemikhali ebaluleke kakhulu, enoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa kushishino lweekhemikhali kunye nezinye iindawo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlalutya kwaye sixoxe ngeemveliso eziphambili zephenol.

kufuneka sazi ukuba yintoni phenol. I-Phenol yikhompawundi ye-hydrocarbon enuka kamnandi ene-molecular formula C6H6O. Yikristale engenambala okanye emhlophe eqinileyo enevumba elikhethekileyo. I-Phenol isetyenziswa kakhulu njengento ekrwada yokuveliswa kweemveliso zeekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-bisphenol A, i-phenolic resin, njl. kunye nezinye iimveliso zekhemikhali.

Ukuze siqonde iimveliso eziphambili zephenol, kufuneka siqale sihlalutye inkqubo yokuvelisa. Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-phenol ngokuqhelekileyo ihlukaniswe ngamanyathelo amabini: isinyathelo sokuqala kukusebenzisa i-tar yamalahle njengento eluhlaza ukuvelisa i-benzene ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-carbonization kunye ne-distillation; Inyathelo lesibini kukusebenzisa i-benzene njengesixhobo sokuvelisa i-phenol ngenkqubo ye-oxidation, i-hydroxylation kunye ne-distillation. Kule nkqubo, i-benzene i-oxidized ukwenza i-phenolic acid, emva koko i-phenolic acid iphinda ifakwe kwi-oxidized ukwenza i-phenol. Ukongeza, kukho ezinye iindlela zokuvelisa i-phenol, ezifana nokuguqulwa kwe-petroleum okanye i-coal-tar gasification.

Emva kokuqonda inkqubo yokuvelisa i-phenol, sinokuhlalutya ngakumbi iimveliso zayo eziphambili. Okwangoku, imveliso ebaluleke kakhulu ye-phenol yi-bisphenol A. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, i-bisphenol A isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso ye-epoxy resin, iplastiki, i-fiber, ifilimu kunye nezinye iimveliso. Ukongeza kwi-bisphenol A, kukho nezinye iimveliso ezibalulekileyo ze-phenol, ezifana ne-diphenyl ether, i-nylon 66 ityuwa, njl. Inayiloni 66 ityuwa ingasetyenziswa njengefayibha ephezulu yamandla kunye neplastiki yobunjineli kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana noomatshini, iimoto kunye ne-aerospace.

Ekugqibeleni, imveliso enkulu ye-phenol yi-bisphenol A, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso ye-epoxy resin, iplastiki, i-fiber, ifilimu kunye nezinye iimveliso. Ukongeza kwi-bisphenol A, kukho nezinye iimveliso ezibalulekileyo ze-phenol, ezifana ne-diphenyl ether kunye ne-nylon 66 yetyuwa. Ukuze uhlangabezane neemfuno zemimandla eyahlukeneyo yesicelo, kuyimfuneko ukuqhubeka nokuphucula inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nomgangatho wemveliso ye-phenol kunye neemveliso zayo ezinkulu.