I-Polycarbonate (i-PC) yitsheyini yemolekyuli equlethe iqela le-carbonate, ngokwesakhiwo semolekyuli enamaqela ahlukeneyo e-ester, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-aliphatic, i-alicyclic, i-aromatics, elona xabiso lisebenzayo leqela elimnandi, kunye nohlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lwe-bisphenol A. i-polycarbonate, i-avareji enzima ye-molecular weight general (Mw) kwi-20-100,000.

Umfanekiso wefomula yesakhiwo sePC

I-Polycarbonate inamandla amahle, ukuqina, ukungafihli, ukuxhathisa ubushushu kunye nokubanda, ukusetyenzwa lula, i-flame retardant kunye nezinye izinto ezibanzi, izicelo eziphambili ezisezantsi zizixhobo zombane, iphepha kunye neemoto, la mashishini mathathu athatha malunga ne-80% yokusetyenziswa kwe-polycarbonate, enye amacandelo oomatshini boshishino, i-CD-ROM, ukupakishwa, izixhobo zeofisi, unyango kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo, ifilimu, ukuzonwabisa kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi ziye zaphumelela uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, zibe ngomnye weeplastiki zobunjineli ezintlanu kwinqanaba elikhula ngokukhawuleza.

Ngo-2020, amandla okuvelisa i-PC yehlabathi malunga ne-5.88 yezigidi zeetoni, amandla okuvelisa i-PC ye-1.94 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka, ukuveliswa kweetoni ezimalunga ne-960,000, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa okubonakalayo kwe-polycarbonate e-China ngo-2020 kwafikelela kwi-2.34 yezigidi zeetoni, kukho umsantsa. malunga ne-1.38 yezigidi zeetoni, kufuneka zithengwe kumazwe angaphandle.Imfuno enkulu yemarike itsale utyalo-mali oluninzi ukunyusa imveliso, kuqikelelwa ukuba zininzi iiprojekthi zePC ezisakhiwayo nezicetywayo eTshayina ngaxeshanye, kwaye umthamo wemveliso yasekhaya uya kudlula iitoni ezizigidi ezi-3 / ngonyaka kule minyaka mithathu izayo, kunye neshishini lePC libonisa indlela ekhawulezayo yokudluliselwa eTshayina.

Ke, zeziphi iinkqubo zokuvelisa zePC?Ithini imbali yophuhliso lwePC ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe?Ngabaphi abenzi bePC abaphambili eTshayina?Emva koko, senza ikama ngokufutshane.

Iindlela ezintathu zenkqubo yemveliso yePC

Indlela yokutshintshiselana ye-polycondensation ye-polycondensation ye-photogas, indlela yokutshintshiselana ye-ester etyhidiweyo kunye ne-non-photogas etyhidiweyo indlela yokutshintshiselana ye-ester yinkqubo ezintathu eziphambili zemveliso kwishishini lePC.
Umfanekiso woMfanekiso
1. I-Interfacial polycondensation indlela ye-phosgene

Kukusabela kwe-phosgene kwisisombululo esinert kunye ne-aqueous sodium hydroxide solution ye-bisphenol A ukuvelisa ubunzima bemolekyuli encinci ye-polycarbonate, kwaye emva koko ifakwe kwi-polycarbonate ephezulu yemolekyuli.Ngexesha elithile, malunga ne-90% yeemveliso ze-polycarbonate zoshishino zenziwe ngale ndlela.

Iingenelo ze-interfacial polycondensation phosgene indlela yePC zinobunzima obuphezulu bemolekyuli, enokufikelela kwi-1.5 ~ 2 * 105, kunye neemveliso ezicocekileyo, iipropathi ezintle zamehlo, ukuxhathisa okungcono kwe-hydrolysis, kunye nokucocwa ngokulula.Ukungalungi kukuba inkqubo ye-polymerization idinga ukusetyenziswa kwe-phosgene enetyhefu kakhulu kunye ne-solvents enetyhefu kunye ne-volatile ye-organic efana ne-methylene chloride, ebangela ukungcoliseka okukhulu kwendalo.

Indlela yokutshintshiselana nge-Melt ester, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ontogenic polymerization, yaqala ukuphuhliswa yi-Bayer, isebenzisa i-bisphenol A etyhidiweyo kunye ne-diphenyl carbonate (i-Diphenyl Carbonate, i-DPC), kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, i-vacuum ephezulu, imeko yobukho be-catalyst for ester exchange, pre-condensation, condensation. ukusabela.

Ngokutsho izinto ekrwada ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo DPC, ingohlulwa ngokwemveli ester otyhidiweyo indlela yokutshintshiselana (ekwaziwa ngokuba ngendlela engathanga ngqo photogas) kunye non-photogas etyhidiweyo ester exchange indlela.

2. Indlela yokutshintshiselana ye-ester yemveli etyhidiweyo

Yahlulahlulwe ngamanyathelo ama-2: (1) iphosgene + phenol → DPC;(2) I-DPC + BPA → iPC, eyinkqubo yephosgene engathanga ngqo.

Inkqubo imfutshane, i-solvent-free, kunye neendleko zemveliso zingaphantsi kancinci kunendlela ye-condensation ye-phosgene ye-interfacial, kodwa inkqubo yokuvelisa i-DPC isasebenzisa i-phosgene, kwaye imveliso ye-DPC iqulethe amanani omkhondo wamaqela e-chloroformate, eya kuchaphazela imveliso yokugqibela. umgangatho wePC, othi kumlinganiselo othile uthintele ukukhuthazwa kwenkqubo.

3. Indlela yokutshintshiselana ye-ester engekho-phosgene etyhidiweyo

Le ndlela yahlulwe ngamanyathelo ama-2: (1) DMC + phenol → DPC;(2) I-DPC + BPA → I-PC, esebenzisa i-dimethyl carbonate DMC njengento eluhlaza kunye ne-phenol ukudibanisa i-DPC.

I-phenol yemveliso efunyenwe kwi-ester exchange kunye ne-condensation inokuphinda isetyenziswe kwi-synthesis yenkqubo ye-DPC, ngaloo ndlela iqonda ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kunye noqoqosho oluhle;ngenxa yokucoceka okuphezulu kwezinto eziluhlaza, imveliso nayo ayifuni ukuba yomiswe kwaye ihlanjwe, kwaye umgangatho wemveliso ulungile.Inkqubo ayisebenzisi i-phosgene, ihambelana nokusingqongileyo, kwaye yindlela yenkqubo eluhlaza.

Ngeemfuno zikazwelonke zamashishini epetrochemical 'ntathu inkunkuma Ngokunyuka kweemfuno zelizwe kukhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kumashishini epetrochemical kunye nothintelo lokusetyenziswa kwe-phosgene, iteknoloji yokutshintshiselana nge-non-phosgene etyhidiweyo ye-ester iya kuthatha indawo kancinane indawo ye-polycondensation ye-interfacial polycondensation indlela kwixesha elizayo njengesalathiso sophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yemveliso yePC kwihlabathi.