I-Polycarbonate (i-PC) yitsheyini ye-molecular equkethe iqela le-carbonate, ngokuhambelana nesakhiwo se-molecular kunye namaqela e-ester ahlukeneyo, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-aliphatic, i-alicyclic, i-aromatics, apho ixabiso elisebenzayo leqela elimnandi, kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo ye-bisphenol A uhlobo lwe-polycarbonate, i-avareji enzima ye-molecular weight general (Mw) kwi-20-100,000.

Umfanekiso wefomula yesakhiwo sePC

I-Polycarbonate inamandla amahle, ukuqina, ukungafihli, ukuxhathisa ubushushu kunye nokubanda, ukusetyenzwa lula, i-flame retardant kunye nokunye ukusebenza okubanzi, izicelo eziphambili ezisezantsi zizixhobo ze-elektroniki, iphepha kunye nemoto, ezi mizi zintathu zibalelwa malunga ne-80% yokusetyenziswa kwe-polycarbonate, ezinye kwiindawo zoomatshini bemizi-mveliso, i-CD-ROM, ukupakishwa, izixhobo zeofisi, ifilimu kunye nezinye izixhobo zonyango kunye nokuzonwabisa. uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ibe yenye yeeplastiki ezintlanu zobunjineli kudidi olukhula ngokukhawuleza.

Ngo-2020, amandla emveliso ye-PC yehlabathi malunga ne-5.88 yezigidi zeetoni, imveliso ye-PC yaseChina ye-1.94 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka, imveliso yeetoni ezimalunga ne-960,000, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa okubonakalayo kwe-polycarbonate e-China ngo-2020 kwafikelela kwi-2.34 yezigidi zeetoni, kukho umsantsa ophantse ube yi-1.38 yezigidi kumazwe angaphandle ukuya kumazwe angaphandle ukuya kumazwe angaphandle. Imfuno enkulu yemarike itsale utyalo-mali oluninzi ukunyusa imveliso, kuqikelelwa ukuba zininzi iiprojekthi zePC ezisakhiwayo nezicetywayo eTshayina ngaxeshanye, kwaye umthamo wemveliso yasekhaya uya kudlula iitoni ezizigidi ezi-3 / ngonyaka kule minyaka mithathu izayo, kwaye ishishini lePC libonisa indlela ekhawulezayo yokudluliselwa eTshayina.

Ke, zeziphi iinkqubo zokuvelisa zePC? Ithini imbali yophuhliso lwePC ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe? Ngabaphi abenzi bePC abaphambili eTshayina? Emva koko, senza ikama ngokufutshane.

Iindlela ezintathu zenkqubo yemveliso yePC

Indlela yokutshintshiselana ye-polycondensation ye-polycondensation ye-photogas, indlela yokutshintshiselana ye-ester etyhidiweyo kunye ne-non-photogas etyhidiweyo indlela yokutshintshiselana ye-ester yinkqubo ezintathu eziphambili zemveliso kwishishini lePC.
Umfanekiso woMfanekiso
1. I-Interfacial polycondensation indlela ye-phosgene

Kukusabela kwe-phosgene kwisisombululo esinert kunye ne-aqueous sodium hydroxide solution ye-bisphenol A ukuvelisa ubunzima bemolekyuli encinci ye-polycarbonate, kwaye emva koko ifakwe kwi-polycarbonate ephezulu yemolekyuli. Ngexesha elithile, malunga ne-90% yeemveliso ze-polycarbonate zoshishino zenziwe ngale ndlela.

Iingenelo ze-interfacial polycondensation phosgene indlela yePC zinobunzima obuphezulu bemolekyuli, enokufikelela kwi-1.5 ~ 2 * 105, kunye neemveliso ezicocekileyo, iipropathi ezintle zamehlo, ukuxhathisa okungcono kwe-hydrolysis, kunye nokucocwa ngokulula. Ukungalungi kukuba inkqubo ye-polymerization idinga ukusetyenziswa kwe-phosgene enetyhefu kakhulu kunye ne-solvents enetyhefu kunye ne-volatile ye-organic efana ne-methylene chloride, ebangela ukungcoliseka okukhulu kwendalo.

Indlela yokutshintshiselana ye-Melt ester, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ontogenic polymerization, yaqala ukuphuhliswa yi-Bayer, isebenzisa i-bisphenol A etyhidiweyo kunye ne-diphenyl carbonate (i-Diphenyl Carbonate, i-DPC), kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, i-vacuum ephezulu, i-catalyst presence state for ester exchange, pre-condensation, i-condensation reaction.

Ngokutsho izinto ekrwada ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo DPC, ingohlulwa ngokwemveli ester otyhidiweyo indlela yokutshintshiselana (ekwaziwa ngokuba ngendlela engathanga ngqo photogas) kunye non-photogas etyhidiweyo ester exchange indlela.

2. Indlela yokutshintshiselana ye-ester yemveli etyhidiweyo

Yahlulahlulwe ngamanyathelo ama-2: (1) iphosgene + phenol → DPC; (2) I-DPC + BPA → iPC, eyinkqubo yephosgene engathanga ngqo.

Inkqubo imfutshane, i-solvent-free, kunye neendleko zemveliso zingaphantsi kancinane kunendlela ye-condensation ye-phosgene ye-interfacial, kodwa inkqubo yokuvelisa i-DPC isasebenzisa i-phosgene, kwaye imveliso ye-DPC iqulethe izixa zomkhondo zamaqela e-chloroformate, eya kuchaphazela umgangatho wokugqibela wemveliso ye-PC, eya kuthi kwinqanaba elithile lithintele ukukhuthazwa kwenkqubo.

3. Indlela yokutshintshiselana ye-ester engekho-phosgene etyhidiweyo

Le ndlela yahlulwe ngamanyathelo ama-2: (1) DMC + phenol → DPC; (2) I-DPC + BPA → I-PC, esebenzisa i-dimethyl carbonate DMC njengento eluhlaza kunye ne-phenol ukudibanisa i-DPC.

I-phenol yemveliso efunyenwe kwi-ester exchange kunye ne-condensation inokuphinda isetyenziswe kwi-synthesis yenkqubo ye-DPC, ngaloo ndlela iqonda ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kunye noqoqosho oluhle; ngenxa yokucoceka okuphezulu kwezinto eziluhlaza, imveliso nayo ayifuni ukuba yomiswe kwaye ihlanjwe, kwaye umgangatho wemveliso ulungile. Inkqubo ayisebenzisi i-phosgene, ihambelana nokusingqongileyo, kwaye yindlela yenkqubo eluhlaza.

Ngeemfuno zikazwelonke zamashishini epetrochemical 'inkunkuma emithathu Ngokunyuka kweemfuno zelizwe kukhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kumashishini epetrochemical kunye nokuthintelwa kokusetyenziswa kwe-phosgene, iteknoloji ye-non-phosgene etyhidiweyo ye-ester yotshintshiselwano iya kuthatha indawo kancinane indlela ye-polycondensation ye-interfacial kwixa elizayo njengesikhokelo sophuhliso lweteknoloji ye-PC emhlabeni.