I-Polyethylene ineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso ezisekelwe kwiindlela ze-polymerization, amanqanaba obunzima be-molecular, kunye neqondo le-branching.Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-polyethylene ephezulu (i-HDPE), i-polyethylene ephantsi (i-LDPE), kunye ne-linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).
I-Polyethylene ayinavumba, ayinayo ityhefu, ivakala ngathi yi-wax, inokumelana nobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu, ukuzinza okuhle kweekhemikhali, kwaye inokumelana nokhukuliseko lweeasidi ezininzi kunye neealkali.I-Polyethylene inokucutshungulwa kusetyenziswa isitofu sokubumba, ukubunjwa kwe-extrusion, ukubumba ukuvuthela, kunye nezinye iindlela zokuvelisa iimveliso ezifana neefilimu, imibhobho, iingcingo kunye neentambo, izitya ezingenanto, iiteyiphu zokupakisha kunye namaqhina, iintambo, iminatha yeentlanzi, kunye nemicu elukiweyo.
Uqoqosho lwehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba lwehle.Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokunyuka kwamaxabiso aphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kubuthathaka kwaye imfuno iyancitshiswa.Ukongezelela, i-Federal Reserve iyaqhubeka nokunyusa izinga lenzala, umgaqo-mali uqinisiwe, kwaye amaxabiso empahla aphantsi koxinzelelo.Ukongeza, ingxabano yaseRussia-Ukraine iyaqhubeka kwaye ithemba alikacaci.Ixabiso leoli ekrwada linamandla, kwaye ixabiso leemveliso zePE lisephezulu.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimveliso ze-PE bezikwixesha eliqhubekayo kunye nokwandiswa ngokukhawuleza komthamo wemveliso, kwaye amashishini emveliso esezantsi aye acotha ukulandela iiodolo.Ukuchasana kwemfuno yonikezelo kube yenye yeengxaki eziphambili kuphuhliso loshishino lwePE kwesi sigaba.
Uhlalutyo kunye nokuQikelela kweNgcaciso yePolyethylene yehlabathi kunye neMfuno
Amandla okuvelisa i-polyethylene yehlabathi ayaqhubeka nokukhula.Ngo-2022, amandla okuvelisa i-polyethylene yehlabathi adlula iitoni ezizigidi ezili-140 ngonyaka, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-6.1%, kunye nokunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-2.1% kwimveliso.Umyinge wokusebenza kweyunithi ube ngama-83.1%, ukwehla ngepesenti ezi-3.6 xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo.
Umntla-mpuma we-Asia ubala umlinganiselo omkhulu wemveliso ye-polyethylene yehlabathi, i-akhawunti ye-30.6% yomthamo wemveliso ye-polyethylene ngo-2022, ilandelwa nguMntla Melika kunye noMbindi Mpuma, i-22.2% kunye ne-16.4% ngokulandelanayo.
Malunga ne-47% yomthamo wemveliso ye-polyethylene yehlabathi igxile kumashishini alishumi aphezulu emveliso enomthamo wemveliso.Ngo-2022, bekukho malunga nama-200 amashishini amakhulu okuvelisa i-polyethylene kwihlabathi.I-ExxonMobil lelona shishini likhulu ehlabathini lokuvelisa i-polyethylene, ibalwa malunga ne-8.0% yomthamo wemveliso wehlabathi uphelele.IDow kunye neSinopec zibekwe kwindawo yesibini neyesithathu ngokulandelelanayo.
Ngo-2021, umthamo wezorhwebo wamazwe ngamazwe we-polyethylene wawuyi-85.75 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-40.8%, kunye nomthamo wezorhwebo lilonke lalingama-57.77 ezigidi zeetoni, ukuhla konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-7.3%.Ngokombono wexabiso, ixabiso eliphakathi kwe-polyethylene emhlabeni jikelele yi-1484.4 yeedola zase-US ngetoni, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-51.9%.
I-China, i-United States, kunye ne-Belgium ngabona barhwebi bamazwe ngamazwe be-polyethylene, benza i-34.6% yempahla ethengwayo yehlabathi;I-United States, iSaudi Arabia, kunye neBelgium ngawona mazwe athumela ngaphandle i-polyethylene ehlabathini, ethatha i-32.7% yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwehlabathi.
Amandla okuvelisa i-polyethylene yehlabathi aya kugcina ukukhula ngokukhawuleza.Kwiminyaka emibini ezayo, ihlabathi liya kongeza ngaphezu kwe-12 yezigidi zeetoni zomthamo wokuvelisa i-polyethylene ngonyaka, kwaye ezi projekthi zininzi iiprojekthi ezidibeneyo eziveliswa ngokubambisana nezityalo ze-ethylene ezinyukayo.Kulindeleke ukuba ukusuka kwi-2020 ukuya kwi-2024, umyinge wokukhula ngonyaka we-polyethylene uya kuba ngu-5.2%.
Imeko yangoku kunye noPhando lwePolyethylene kunye neMfuno eChina
Umthamo wemveliso yepolyethylene yaseTshayina kunye nemveliso ziye zanda ngaxeshanye.Ngo-2022, amandla okuvelisa i-polyethylene yaseTshayina anyuke nge-11.2% unyaka nonyaka kwaye imveliso yanda nge-6.0% unyaka nonyaka.Ukuya ekupheleni kuka-2022, kukho phantse i-50 amashishini okuvelisa i-polyethylene e-China, kwaye umthamo omtsha wemveliso ngo-2022 ubandakanya ngokukodwa iiyunithi ezifana neSinopec Zhenhai Refinery, i-Lianyungang Petrochemical, kunye ne-Zhejiang Petrochemical.
Itshathi yokuthelekisa yoMveliso wePolyethylene e-China ukusuka kwi-2021 ukuya kwi-2023

Ukunyuka kokusetyenziswa okubonakalayo kwe-polyethylene kulinganiselwe, kwaye izinga lokuzimela ligcina ukukhula.Ngo-2022, ukusetyenziswa okubonakalayo kwe-polyethylene e-China kwanda ngo-0.1% ngonyaka, kwaye izinga lokuzixhasa ngokwalo linyuke ngeepesenti ze-3.7 xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka odlulileyo.
Umthamo wokungeniswa kwepolyethylene e-China wehla unyaka nonyaka, ngelixa umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle unyuka unyaka nonyaka.Ngo-2022, umthamo wokungenisa wepolyethylene waseTshayina wehle nge-7.7% unyaka nonyaka;Umthamo wokuthumela impahla kumazwe angaphandle unyuke ngama-41.5%.I-China ihlala ingumthengisi we-polyethylene kwamanye amazwe.Urhwebo lokungeniswa kwepolyethylene lwaseTshayina ikakhulu luxhomekeke kurhwebo ngokubanzi, lubalelwa kwi-82.2% yomthamo ongeniswayo uwonke;Okulandelayo lurhwebo lokulungisa izinto kumazwe angaphandle, olubalelwa kwi-9.3%.Izinto ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle ikakhulu zisuka kumazwe okanye imimandla efana neSaudi Arabia, i-Iran, kunye ne-United Arab Emirates, ethatha malunga ne-49.9% yetotali yempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle.
I-Polyethylene isetyenziswa kakhulu e-China, kunye ne-akhawunti yefilimu ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sayo yonke.Ngo-2022, ifilimu ebhityileyo ihlala iyeyona ndawo inkulu yokusetyenziswa kwepolyethylene eTshayina, ilandelwa kukubumba inaliti, iiprofayili zemibhobho, umngxuma kunye nezinye iindawo.
I-polyethylene yaseTshayina isekwinqanaba lokukhula ngokukhawuleza.Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, iChina iceba ukongeza iiseti ezili-15 zezityalo ze-polyethylene ngaphambi kwe-2024, kunye nomthamo ongezelelweyo wokuvelisa ngaphezu kweetoni zezigidi ezisi-8 ngonyaka.
IShedyuli yeMveliso yesiXhobo esitsha yowama-2023 ye-PE

Ukusukela ngoMeyi ka-2023, umthamo wemveliso wezityalo zasekhaya ze-PE ufikelele kwi-30.61 yezigidi zeetoni.Ngokumalunga nokwandiswa kwe-PE ngo-2023, kulindeleke ukuba umthamo wemveliso uya kuba yi-3.75 yezigidi zeetoni ngonyaka.Okwangoku, i-Guangdong Petrochemical, i-Hainan Refining kunye ne-Chemical, kunye ne-Shandong Jinhai Chemical ziye zaqalisa ukusebenza, kunye nomthamo wemveliso we-2.2 yezigidi zeetoni.Ibandakanya isixhobo esixineneyo esipheleleyo se-1.1 yezigidi zeetoni kunye nesixhobo se-HDPE se-1.1 yezigidi zeetoni, ngelixa isixhobo se-LDPE singekasetyenziswa apha enyakeni.Kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka olandelayo, kusekho i-1.55 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka wezicwangciso ezintsha zokuvelisa izixhobo, ezibandakanya i-1.25 yezigidi zeetoni zezixhobo ze-HDPE kunye ne-300000 yeetoni zezixhobo ze-LLDPE.Kulindeleke ukuba amandla emveliso yaseTshayina afikelele kwi-32.16 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2023.
Okwangoku, kukho ukuchasana okunzulu phakathi konikezelo kunye nemfuno ye-PE e-China, kunye nomthamo oxinyiweyo wemveliso yeeyunithi ezintsha zemveliso kwinqanaba lamva.Nangona kunjalo, ishishini lemveliso esezantsi lijongene nokudodobala kwamaxabiso ezinto ezikrwada, iiodolo zemveliso ephantsi, kunye nobunzima bokunyusa amaxabiso ekupheleni kokuthengisa;Ukuncipha kwengeniso yokusebenza kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza kuye kwakhokelela ekuhambeni kwemali okuqinileyo kumashishini, kwaye kwiminyaka yamuva, phantsi kwemvelaphi yokunyuka kwamaxabiso aphezulu, imigaqo-nkqubo yokuqinisa imali yangaphandle iye yandisa umngcipheko wokudodobala koqoqosho, kwaye imfuno ebuthathaka iye yakhokelela ekunciphiseni. kwiiodolo zorhwebo zangaphandle kwiimveliso.Amashishini emveliso esezantsi, njengeemveliso ze-PE, akwixesha lentlungu yeshishini ngenxa yokubonelela kunye nokungalingani kwemfuno.Kwelinye icala, kufuneka banikele ingqalelo kwimfuno yemveli, ngelixa bephuhlisa imfuno entsha kunye nokufumana imikhombandlela yokuthumela ngaphandle
Ukususela kumlinganiselo wokusasazwa kokusetyenziswa kwe-PE esezantsi eChina, umlinganiselo omkhulu wokusetyenziswa yifilimu, elandelwa ziindidi ezinkulu zemveliso ezifana nokubumba inaliti, umbhobho, umngxuma, umzobo wecingo, intambo, i-metallocene, i-coating, njl. eyona nto iphambili yifilimu yezolimo, ifilim yamashishini, kunye nefilimu yokupakisha imveliso.Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imfuno yeemveliso zeplastiki ezilahlwayo zemveli ziye zathatyathelwa indawo kukuthandwa kweeplastiki ezonakeleyo ngenxa yemigaqo yeplastiki elinganiselweyo.Ukongezelela, imboni yefilimu yokupakisha nayo ikwixesha lohlengahlengiso lwesakhiwo, kwaye ingxaki yokugqithiswa kwamandla kwiimveliso eziphantsi kusenzima.
Isitofu sokubumba, umbhobho, umngxuma kunye namanye amashishini anxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo kwiimfuno zeziseko ezingundoqo kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla boluntu.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yezinto ezifana nengxelo engalunganga yoluvo lwabathengi kubahlali, uphuhliso loshishino lwemveliso luye lwajongana nemiqobo ethile yokukhula, kwaye ulandelelwano lwamva nje lwemiyalelo yokuthumela ngaphandle luye lwakhokelela ekunciphiseni ukukhula koqoqosho. ixesha elifutshane.
Zeziphi iindawo zokukhula kwemfuno ye-PE yasekhaya kwixesha elizayo
Enyanisweni, kwiNkomfa yeSizwe ye-20 ekupheleni kwe-2022, amanyathelo ahlukeneyo acetywayo ukukhuthaza imfuno yasekhaya, ngenjongo yokuvula ukujikeleza kwangaphakathi e-China.Ukongeza, kukhankanyiwe ukuba ukunyuka kwezinga lokuhlala ezidolophini kunye nesikali sokwenziwa kwemveliso kuya kuzisa uvuselelo lwemfuno kwiimveliso ze-PE ngokwembono yokukhuthaza ukujikeleza kwangaphakathi.Ukongeza, ukunyenyiswa okubanzi kolawulo, ukuvuseleleka koqoqosho, kunye nokunyuka okulindelweyo kwimfuno yojikelezo lwangaphakathi kukwabonelela ngeziqinisekiso zomgaqo-nkqubo wokufunyanwa kwakhona kwemfuno yangaphakathi.
Ukuphuculwa kwabathengi kubangele imfuno evelayo, kunye neemfuneko eziphezulu zeeplastiki kwiindawo ezinjengeemoto, amakhaya ahlakaniphile, i-electronics, kunye nokuhamba ngomzila kaloliwe.Umgangatho ophezulu, ukusebenza okuphezulu, kunye nezixhobo ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo ziye zaba yinto ekhethwayo.Amanqaku okukhula anokubakho kwimfuno yexesha elizayo ikakhulu akwiindawo ezine, kubandakanya ukukhula kokupakishwa kwishishini lonikezelo olucacileyo, iifilimu zokupakisha eziqhutywa yi-e-commerce, kunye nokukhula okunokwenzeka kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha, amacandelo, kunye nemfuno yonyango.Kusekho iindawo zokukhula ezinokubakho kwimfuno yePE.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimfuno yangaphandle, kukho izinto ezininzi ezingaqinisekanga, ezifana nobudlelwane base-China base-US, umgaqo-nkqubo we-Federal Reserve, imfazwe yaseRashiya yase-Ukraine, izinto zomgaqo-nkqubo we-geopolitical, njl njl. Okwangoku, imfuno yorhwebo yangaphandle yaseChina yeemveliso zeplastiki isekho kwimveliso ye-low-end. iimveliso.Kwintsimi yeemveliso eziphezulu, ubuchule obuninzi kunye nobuchwepheshe zisabanjwe ngokuqinileyo kwizandla zamashishini angaphandle, kwaye iteknoloji ye-blockade yemveliso ephezulu inzima kakhulu, ngoko ke, iyindawo enokuthi iphumelele kwimveliso yexesha elizayo yaseChina. ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle, apho kukho amathuba kunye nemingeni.Amashishini asekhaya asajongene nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha nophuhliso lobuchwepheshe.