I-Polythylene ineendidi ezahlukeneyo zemveliso esekwe kwiindlela zePolymerization, inqanaba leMolekyuli, kunye nenqanaba lokubhala. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya i-Polythylene ePhezulu (i-HDPE), i-Polythylene ye-Polythylene (i-LDP), kunye ne-Plally Prensity Polythylene (LDDP).
I-Polythyylene i-odorthy, engenatyhefu, inoziva ngathi i-wax, inoburhalarhume obuhle kakhulu, uzinzo lweekhemikhali, kwaye inokumelana nokukhukuliseka kwee-acids kunye ne-alkalis. I-Polythylene inokuqhubekiswa kusetyenziswa intsholongwane inja, ukubumba, kunye nezinye iindlela zokuvelisa iimveliso ezinjengeentambo, imibhobho kunye neminatha yeentlanzi, kunye nemijelo yentlanzi.
Uqoqosho lwehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba luhla. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokunyuka kwamaxabiso aphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kubuthathaka kwaye imfuno incitshisiwe. Ukongeza, indawo yokuGcina i-Federal iyaqhubeka nokunyusa amaxabiso ezenzala, umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali uyaqiniswa, kwaye amaxabiso orhwebo aphantsi koxinzelelo. Ukongeza, i-Russia-Ukraine Ingxokolo iyaqhubeka kwaye ithemba liselicaca. Ixabiso leoli ebuhlungu yomelele, kwaye iindleko zeemveliso ze-PE ziseziphezulu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimveliso ze-PE sele zikwithuba lokwandiswa okuqhubekayo kunye nokukhawuleza komthamo wemveliso, kunye nokuphela kwemveliso yokuphela kwemveliso kuhamba kancinci ukulandela ii-odolo. Imfuno yokubonelela ngokuchaseneyo iye yenye yeengxaki ekuphuhlisweni komzi-mveliso we-PET ngeli nqanaba.
Uhlalutyo kunye nokuxelwa kwangaphambili kwe-Polythylene yeHlabathi kunye neBango
Umthamo we-Polithylene we-Polithylene uqhubeka nokukhula. Ngo-2022, amandla e-Polythylene yeLizwe le-Polythylenene igqithile kwiitoni ezizigidi ezili-140 ngonyaka, ukunyuka kweminyaka emi-61%, unyaka we-2.1% kwimveliso. Umyinge ophakathi wokusebenza kweyunithi yayiyi-83.1%, ukwehla kweepesenti ezi-3.6 xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo.
I-PANTEAMS ASIA i-akhawunti enkulu ye-Polythylene yemveliso ye-Polythyeylene, i-Akhawuntingi ye-Polylimey Eames Melika kunye ne-MARME EMEP, i-Akhawuntingi nge-22.4% ngokwahlukeneyo.
Malunga ne-47% ye-Polythylene yemveliso ye-Polythylene igxilwe kumashishini alishumi aphezulu emveliso anemveliso yemveliso. Ngowama-2022, bekukho phantse amashishini aphambili e-Polysethylene ehlabathini. I-Exxonmobil yeyona nto iphambili ye-Polythyetlene ye-Polythyetlene ye-Polythyethylene yeLizwe, inika ingxelo malunga ne-8.0% yendawo yehlabathi yehlabathi liphela. I-Dow kunye ne-Sinopec zibalwa okwesibini neyesithathu ngokulandelelana.
Ngo-2021, ivolumu yezorhwebo iyonke yePolythylene yayiyi-85.75 yezigidigidi zeedola zaseMelika, ukunyuka kweminyaka engama-40.8%, kwaye ivolumu yezorhwebo iyonke yayiyi-7.3.% ye-7.3%. Ukusuka kwimbono yamaxabiso, i-Polythylene ye-Polythylene ehlabathini yi-1484.4 iidola zaseMelika ngetoni nganye, unyaka weminyaka engama-51.9%.
I-China, eUnited States, kunye neBelgium ngoyena mntu uphambili we-polythylene, ekhupha i-34.6% yengeniso yehlabathi liphela; I-United States, i-Saudi Arabia, iBelgium yelona lizwe lithunyelwa ngaphandle le-polythylene ehlabathini, i-Accounting i-32.7% yehlabathi liphela.
Umthamo wemveliso ye-Polythylene we-Polythylenene uya kugcina ukukhula okukhawulezayo. Kule minyaka mibini izayo, umhlaba wongeze ngaphezulu kwe-12 yezigidi zezityalo ze-Polythylene ngonyaka, kwaye ezi projekthi ziiprojekthi ezihlanganisiweyo eziveliswe ngokudibeneyo nezityalo ze-posylene. Kulindelwe ukuba ukusuka kwi-2020 ukuya kwi-2024, umyinge ophakathi wokukhula kwe-Polythylene uza kuba yi-5.2%.
Imeko yangoku kunye nePhandoni yePolythylene
Umthamo wokuvelisa amandla e-china ye-china ye-china kunye nemveliso yanda ngaxeshanye. Ngo-2022, i-China ye-Polythylene ye-Polythylene inyuke ngo-11.2% ngonyaka kwaye inyuswe ngu-6.0% ngonyaka. Ukugqibela kwe-2022, phantse i-50 i-50 ye-Polythylene Imveliso ye-PHICETHINE eTshayina, kunye nemveliso entsha yemveliso iquka iiyunithi ezifana ne-sinyec zhenhai, i-liajiang petrochemical.
Imvumelwano yothelekiso lwe-Polythylene e-China ukusuka kwi-2021 ukuya kwi-2023

Ukunyuka kokusetyenziswa okubonakalayo kwe-polyethylene kulinganiselwe, kwaye ireyithi yokuziqulatha igcina ukukhula. Ngo-2022, ukulungiswa okubonakalayo kwePolythylene e-China inyuke ngo-0.1% ngonyaka, kunye nenqanaba lokuziqhelanisa ne-3.7 eepesenti xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo.
Umthamo wokungenisa i-Polythylene e-China unciphe unyaka wonke, ngelixa i-qubring yokuthumela ngaphandle kunyaka-wonke. Nge-2022, i-China ye-Polythylene ye-Pelithylene ihle nge-7.7% ngonyaka. Umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle onyuke nge-41,5%. I-China ihlala ingumyinge we-polyethylene. Urhwebo olungenela i-Pelithylene luxhomekeke ikakhulu kurhwebo ngokubanzi, i-accounting nge-82.2% yevolumu yokungenisa elizweni iyonke; Okulandelayo akungeniswa kurhwebo lokusebenza, i-akhawunti ye-9.3%. Ukungeniswa okungenela ikakhulu kuvela kumazwe okanye kwimimandla efana neSaudi Arabia, i-Iran, kunye ne-United Emirates, i-accounting emalunga ne-49.9% yengeniso yonke.
I-Polythylene isetyenziswa ngokubanzi e-china, kunye ne-Accounting Akhawuntingi malunga nesiqingatha senani lonke. Ngowama-2022, ifilimu enamangamhlophe ihlala iyona ndawo iphambili ye-Polythylene ePhina, elandelwa ziiprojekti ze-inang, i-pimee, amaqhwa kunye nezinye iinkalo.
I-Polythylene ye-China ise kwinqanaba lokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngokutsho kwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, iChina iCwangciso longeza iiseti ezili-15 zezityalo zePolythylene ngaphambi kwe-2024, enobuchule owongezelelweyo wemveliso engaphezu kwe-8 yezigidi ngonyaka.
I-2023 ishedyuli yemveliso yesixhobo esitsha sasekhaya

Ukusukela nge-2023, imitha yemveliso iyonke yezityalo zasekhaya ifikelele kwiitoni ezingama-30.61 ezigidi. Ngokwaliwa kwe-PE ngo-2023, kulindeleke ukuba amandla emveliso aya kuba ziitoni ezi-3.75 ezigidi ngonyaka. Okwangoku, i-guangdong pettrochemical, i-hainan icocekile kunye nekhemikhali, kunye neShandong Jinhai Iikhemikhali zenziwe, kunye nezixhobo zemveliso ezi-2.2 ezizigidi zeetoni ezi-2.2 ezizigidi zeetoni ezizigidi ze-2.2 zeetoni. Ibandakanya isixhobo esixineneyo esipheleleyo seetoni ezizigidi ezi-1.1 ezigidi kunye nesixhobo se-HDPE seetoni ezizigidi ezili-1.1, ngelixa isixhobo se-LDP senzenga ukuba sisebenze apha enyakeni. Kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka olandelayo, kusekho iitoni eziyi-1.55 ezigidi / unyaka wezicwangciso zemveliso yezixhobo ezintsha, ezibandakanya iitoni ezizigidi ezili-1.25 zezixhobo ze-HDP kunye nezixhobo ezingama-300000 zezixhobo ze-LDPE. Kulindelwe ukuba amandla e-china apheleleyo afikelela kwi-32.16 yeetoni ezigidi nge-2023.
Okwangoku, kukho ukungqubana okukhulu phakathi kokunikezelwa kunye nemfuno ye-PHIN yase-china, kunye nemveliso egxininisiweyo yeeyunithi ezintsha zemveliso kamva. Nangona kunjalo, ishishini lemveliso elikhanyayo elikhanyayo lijamelene ne-squalete kumaxabiso e-REAL, ii-odolo zemveliso ephantsi, kunye nobunzima ekwandiseni amaxabiso kwindawo yokuthengisa; Ukwehla kwengeniso yokusebenza kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza kukhokelele ekuhambeni okuqinileyo kwamashishini, kwaye kwiminyaka yakutshanje, phantsi komgaqo-nkqubo oqingqiweyo, kwaye imfuno yobuthathaka ikhokelele ekunciphiseni kwemiyalelo yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Amashishini emveliso e-Dowream, njengeemveliso ze-PE, zikwixesha lemizi-mveliso ngenxa yokubonelela kunye nokungalingani. Kwelinye icala, kufuneka banikele ingqalelo kwimfuno yesiko, ngelixa bephuhlisa ibango elitsha kunye nokufumana izikhokelo zokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe
Ukusuka kwinxalenye yokuhambisa i-Dowstream Pensen eTshayina, elona nani likhulu lokusetyenziswa yifilimu, ilandelwe, intambo, i-will, ifilimu, ifilimu yemveliso, kunye nefilimu yemveliso yemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imfuno yemveliso yefilimu yefilimu yefilimu ithe yathatyathwa ngokuthandwa yiplasitiki edimazekileyo ngenxa yemigaqo yeplastiki enqumlayo. Ukongeza, umzi mveliso weefilimu ukupakisha ikwakwixesha lohlengahlengiso lolwakhiwo, kunye nengxaki yokungaphezulu kokungaphezulu kokungaphezulu kokungaphezulu kokungaphezulu kweemveliso eziphantsi.
Inaliti yokubumba, umbhobho, umngxunya kunye namanye amashishini zinxibelelene kakhulu neemfuno zeziseko zophuhliso kunye nobomi bomntu wemihla ngemihla. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yezinto ezinje ngengxelo engentle ingxelo evela kubahlali, uphuhliso lomzi mveliso wemveliso luye lwajamelana nemiyalelo yokukhula, kunye nokulandelelana okutsha kwii-odolo kukwazisa kwixesha elifutshane.
Zithini iindawo zokukhula kwemfuno yekhaya kwikamva
Ngapha koko, kwiCongress yeSizwe ye-20 ekupheleni kuka-2022, amanyathelo ahlukeneyo acetyiswa ukukhuthaza imfuno yasekhaya, ngenjongo yokuvula ukujikeleza kwangaphakathi eTshayina. Ukongeza, kukhankanywe ukuba ukwanda kwereyithi yokufundela kunye nemveliso yokwenziwa kuya kuzisa imfuno ukukhuthazeka kweemveliso ze-PE kwimbono yokukhuthaza ukusasazwa kwangaphakathi. Ukongeza, ukuphuculwa okubanzi kolawulo, ukubuyela kwimeko yoqoqosho, kwaye kulindeleke ukwanda kwemfuno yokujikeleza kwangaphakathi kuye kwanika imfuno yomgaqo-nkqubo wexesha elizayo.
Ukuphuculwa kwabathengi kuye kwanika imfuno evelayo, ngeemfuno eziphezulu zeplastiki kwimihlaba efana neemoto, amakhaya akwizilumkiso, uhambo lwe-elektroniki, kunye nololiwe. Umgangatho ophezulu, ukusebenza okuphezulu, kunye nezinto ezinobuhlobo kwendalo ziye zaba lukhetho olukhethwayo. Iindawo zokukhula ezinokubakho zemfuno zexesha elizayo ikakhulu zikwiindawo ezine, kubandakanya ukhuselo lokuqalisa kwimveliso yokuhambisa, ukupakisha iifilimu eziqhutywa yi-E-Commerce yezithuthi, kunye nezixhobo kunye nemfuno yezonyango. Kukho iindawo zokukhulisa ukukhula kwemfuno.
Ngokwemfuno yangaphandle, zininzi izinto ezingaqinisekanga, ezinjenge-China Cassedy, umgaqo-nkqubo we-federal Retore, i-Russia Ukraine Imfazwe, i-Eopolia I-Olgine yeMveliso ye-China yeemveliso zeplastiki iseziphumo zeemveliso zokuphela. Kwicandelo leemveliso zokuphela, ubuchwephesha obuninzi kunye netekhnoloji egcinwe ngokuqinileyo kwizandla zamazwe aphesheya, kwaye itekhnoloji yokuphela kweemveliso ezinokuthengwa kwezemveliso ze-China, apho ingamathuba kunye nemiceli mngeni. Amashishini asekhaya asajongana nokuveliswa kwetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso.