Izinto zogwebu ikakhulu zibandakanya i-polyurethane, i-EPS, i-PET kunye nezixhobo zerabha ze-foam, njl., ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimimandla yesicelo sokugquma ubushushu kunye nokonga amandla, ukunciphisa ubunzima, umsebenzi wesakhiwo, ukuxhathisa impembelelo kunye nokuthuthuzela, njl. Ngenxa yoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa, ubungakanani bemarike yonyaka yangoku yezixhobo ze-foam ukugcina izinga eliphezulu lokukhula kwe-20%, kukusetyenziswa kwangoku kwezinto ezintsha kwintsimi yokukhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kwakhona kubangele inkxalabo enkulu yoshishino. I-Polyurethane (PU) igwebu lelona candelo likhulu leemveliso zogwebu zaseTshayina.

Ngokwezibalo, ubungakanani bentengiso yehlabathi jikelele yezinto ezinogwebu malunga ne-93.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, zikhula ngesantya se-4% -5% ngonyaka, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2026, ubungakanani bentengiso yehlabathi jikelele yezinto ezinogwebu kulindeleke ukuba bukhule ukuya kwi-118.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.

Ngokutshintsha kugxininiso lwezoqoqosho lwehlabathi, utshintsho olukhawulezayo kwisayensi nakwitekhnoloji, kunye nophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwecandelo lamagwebu emizi-mveliso, ummandla waseAsia-Pacific ubambe esona sabelo sikhulu semakethi yobuchwephesha behlabathi. 2020 imveliso yeplastiki China imveliso ifikelele 76.032 yezigidi zeetoni, phantsi 0.6% unyaka-on-nyaka ukusuka 81.842 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2019. 2020 imveliso ugwebu China yafikelela 2.566 yezigidi zeetoni, phantsi 0.62% ngonyaka-ngonyaka ukusuka 0.62 ukwehla ngonyaka-on-2020%.

Phakathi kwabo, iPhondo laseGuangdong libeka kuqala kwimveliso ye-foam kweli lizwe, kunye nemveliso yeetoni ze-643,000 kwi-2020; ilandelwa liPhondo laseZhejiang, elinemveliso yeetoni ezingama-326,000; IPhondo laseJiangsu likwindawo yesithathu, ngemveliso yeetoni ezingama-205,000; I-Sichuan kunye ne-Shandong zibekwe kwindawo yesine neyesihlanu ngokulandelelana, kunye nemveliso yeetoni ezingama-168,000 kunye ne-140,000 yeetoni ngokulandelelanayo. Ukususela kwinani lemveliso ye-foam yelizwe lonke ngo-2020, i-akhawunti ye-Guangdong i-25.1%, i-akhawunti ye-Zhejiang ye-12.7%, i-Jiangsu i-8.0%, i-akhawunti ye-Sichuan ye-6.6% kunye ne-akhawunti ye-Shandong ye-5.4%.

Okwangoku, iShenzhen, njengombindi weqela lesixeko saseGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area kunye nesinye sezona zixeko ziphuhliswe kakhulu eTshayina ngokwamandla abanzi, iqokelele ikhonkco leshishini elipheleleyo kwintsimi yetekhnoloji ye-foam yaseTshayina evela kwizinto ezikrwada, izixhobo zokuvelisa, izityalo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa, kunye neemarike ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kokuphela. Kumxholo wobhengezo lwehlabathi jikelele lophuhliso oluluhlaza noluzinzileyo kunye neqhinga laseTshayina “lekhabhoni ephindwe kabini”, ishishini lepolymer eligwebu libophelelekile ukuba lijongane nobuchwepheshe kunye notshintsho lwenkqubo, imveliso kunye nentengiso yeR&D, kunye nohlengahlengiso lokubonelela, njl.njl I-2022 kwiNgqungquthela yeZizwe ngezizwe yaseShenzhen kunye neZiko lokuBonisa (iHolo entsha yaseBaoan). I-EXPO China ”, enxibelelana nabavelisi bemathiriyeli ye-polymer foam, abaphakathi be-foam kunye nabavelisi bemveliso, kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe bogwebu, ukuthobela kunye nokusebenzela uphuhliso loshishino!

I-Polyurethane yeyona nxalenye inkulu yezinto ezinogwebu

I-Polyurethane (PU) igwebu yimveliso eyenza umlinganiselo omkhulu wezinto ezinogwebu e-China.

Inxalenye ephambili ye-polyurethane foam yi-polyurethane, kwaye i-raw material ikakhulu i-isocyanate kunye ne-polyol. Ngokudibanisa izongezo ezifanelekileyo, yenza isixa esikhulu segwebu esiveliswe kwimveliso yokusabela, ukuze ufumane iimveliso ze-polyurethane foam. Ngokusebenzisa i-polymer polyol kunye ne-isocyanate kunye nezongezelelo ezahlukeneyo zokulungelelanisa ukuxinana kwe-foam, amandla okuqina, ukuxhathisa i-abrasion, ukuqina kunye nezinye izibonakaliso, zivuselelwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zifakwe kwi-mold ukwandisa ukusabela kwe-chain cross-chain reaction, iindidi zezixhobo ezintsha zokwenziwa phakathi kweplastiki kunye nerabha inokwakheka.

I-polyurethane foam yohlulwe kakhulu ibe ngugwebu oluthambileyo, ugwebu oluqinileyo kunye ne-spray foam. Amagwebu athambileyo asetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo ezifana ne-cushioning, i-padding yengubo kunye nokuhluzwa, ngelixa amagwebu aqinile asetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipaneli zokufakelwa kwe-thermal kunye nokufakwa kwe-laminated kwizakhiwo zorhwebo kunye neendawo zokuhlala kunye (nokutshiza) ukuphahla kwe-foam.

I-polyurethane igwebu eliqinileyo ubukhulu becala lulwakhiwo lweeseli ezivaliweyo kwaye ineempawu ezigqwesileyo ezifana nokugqunywa kakuhle kwe-thermal, ubunzima obulula kunye nokwakhiwa okulula.

Kwakhona ineempawu zokugquma isandi, i-shockproof, ukugquma kombane, ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana nokubanda, ukuxhathisa kwe-solvent, njl.

I-polyurethane foam eqinileyo ingasetyenziswa kuphahla kunye nokufakwa eludongeni, ukugquma ucango kunye nefestile kunye nokutywinwa kwekhaka le-bubble. Nangona kunjalo, i-polyurethane i-foam insulation iya kuqhubeka nokulwa nokhuphiswano kwi-fiberglass kunye ne-PS foam.

I-Flexible polyurethane foam

Imfuno yogwebu lwepolyurethane ebhetyebhetye iye yagqitha ngokuthe ngcembe i-polyurethane foam eqinileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. I-Flexible polyurethane foam luhlobo lwe-polyurethane foam eguquguqukayo kunye neqondo elithile lokunwebeka, kwaye yeyona mveliso isetyenziswa kakhulu ye-polyurethane.

Iimveliso ikakhulu ziquka ugwebu oluqinileyo oluphezulu (HRF), isiponji esibloko, ugwebu olucothayo, ugwebu oluziqwengayo (ISF), kunye nogwebu olufunxa amandla semi-rigid.

Ubume beqamza le-polyurethane igwebu eliguquguqukayo ubukhulu becala livulekileyo. Ngokubanzi, inoxinaniso oluphantsi, ukufunxwa kwesandi, ukuphefumla, ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nezinye iipropathi, ikakhulu ezisetyenziswa njengemathiriyeli yefenitshala yokuthomalalisa, imathiriyeli yesihlalo sothutho, izinto ezahlukeneyo ezithambileyo zokudibanisa izinto ezixutyiweyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso kunye noluntu lwe-foam ethambileyo njengezinto zokuhluza, izixhobo zokugquma isandi, izixhobo ezingenokothuka, izinto zokuhombisa, izinto zokupakisha kunye nezixhobo zokugquma i-thermal.

Polyurethane ezantsi umlambo ukwanda

Ishishini le-polyurethane foam yaseTshayina likhula ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi malunga nophuhliso lwemarike.

I-polyurethane foam ingasetyenziswa njenge-buffer package okanye i-padding buffer imathiriyeli yezixhobo ezichanekileyo zodidi oluphezulu, izixhobo ezixabisekileyo, imisebenzi yezandla yodidi oluphezulu, njl njl. inokusetyenziselwa ukupakishwa kwe-buffer yezinto ngokufaka ugwebu kwindawo.

I-Polyurethane i-foam eqinile isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-adiabatic insulation, ifriji kunye nezixhobo zokukhenkceza kunye nokugcinwa okubandayo, iipaneli ze-adiabatic, ukugquma eludongeni, ukugqunywa kombhobho, ukugquma kweetanki zokugcina, izinto ezixutywe kunye ne-foam caulking, njl.; Ugwebu oluthambileyo lwepolyurethane lusetyenziswa ikakhulu kwifanitshala, izinto zokulala kunye nezinye iimveliso zasekhaya, ezinjengeesofa kunye nezihlalo, iicushion ezingasemva, oomatrasi kunye nemiqamelo.

Ikakhulu inezicelo: (1) kwizikhenkcezisi, izikhongozeli, ukugqunywa kwezikhenkcezisi (2) iintyatyambo zokulinganisa iPU (3) ushicilelo lwephepha (4) intambo yemichiza yekhemikhali (5) indlela enesantya esiphezulu (imiqondiso yokhuselo lomcu) (6) umhombiso wasekhaya (umhombiso webhodi yogwebu) (7) ifanitshala (isihlalo somqamelo, umatrasi isiponji, i-backrest, i-armrest) i-automotive yeshishini (i-8 autospace, njl. umqamelo, i-headrest yemoto, ivili lokuqhuba (10) izixhobo zemidlalo ezikumgangatho ophezulu (izixhobo zokukhusela, abalindi bezandla, abalindi beenyawo, i-boxing glove lining, i-helmets, njl. (izixhobo zonyango).

Iziko lomxhuzulane wophuhliso logwebu lwe-polyurethane kwihlabathi liphela liye latshintshela eTshayina, kwaye i-polyurethane foam iye yaba lelinye lawona mashishini akhula ngokukhawuleza kumzi mveliso wemichiza waseTshayina.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lokugqunywa kwefriji yasekhaya, ukonga umbane wokwakha, umzi-mveliso wamandla elanga, iimoto, ifenitshala kunye namanye amashishini kuye kwanyusa kakhulu imfuno ye-polyurethane foam.

Ngexesha "ye-13 yeSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu", malunga neminyaka engama-20 yokwetyisa, ukufunxwa kunye nokudalwa ngokutsha kwemveliso ye-polyurethane ekrwada, iteknoloji yemveliso ye-MDI kunye nomthamo wemveliso ziphakathi kwamanqanaba ehlabathi ahamba phambili, iteknoloji yemveliso ye-polyether polyol kunye nophando lwezenzululwazi kunye nezakhono ezintsha ziyaqhubeka ziphucula, iimveliso eziphezulu ziyaqhubeka zivela, kwaye umsantsa uyaqhubeka uvela, kwaye umsantsa uyaqhubeka ukhula ngamanqanaba angaphandle angaphandle. Ngo-2019 eTshayina Ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ze-polyurethane malunga ne-11.5 yezigidi zeetoni (kubandakanywa nezinyibilikisi), ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ekrwada kunyuka unyaka nonyaka, kwaye yeyona ndawo inkulu yemveliso ye-polyurethane yehlabathi kunye nommandla wokusetyenziswa, imarike ikhula ngakumbi, kwaye ishishini liqala ukungena kwixesha lokuphucula itekhnoloji yophuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu.

Ngokomlinganiselo weshishini, ubungakanani bemarike yohlobo lwe-polyurethane yezinto ezinogwebu zenza esona sabelo sikhulu, kunye nobukhulu bemarike obumalunga ne-4.67 yezigidi zeetoni, apho ubukhulu becala bezinto ezithambileyo zogwebu lwe-polyurethane, zibalelwa malunga ne-56%. Ngophuhliso olukhulayo lwamasimi ombane kunye ne-elektroniki e-China, ngakumbi ukongezwa kwefriji kunye nosetyenziso lohlobo lolwakhiwo, isikali sentengiso yezixhobo zogwebu ze-polyurethane nazo ziyaqhubeka nokukhula.

Okwangoku, ishishini le-polyurethane liye langena kwinqanaba elitsha elikhokelwa yintsha kunye nophuhliso oluluhlaza njengomxholo. Okwangoku, imveliso ye-polyurethane esezantsi efana nemathiriyeli yokwakha, i-spandex, i-synthetic isikhumba kunye neemoto e-China zihamba phambili emhlabeni. Ilizwe likhuthaza ngamandla ukugquma kwamanzi, ukusebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo emitsha yokwakha ugcino lwamandla kunye nokuphuhlisa izithuthi zamandla amatsha, nto leyo ekwazisa namathuba amakhulu entengiso kushishino lwepolyurethane. Ithagethi "yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini" ecetywayo yiChina iya kukhuthaza uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lokwakhiwa kwamandla okugcina amandla kunye noshishino lwamandla acocekileyo, oluya kuzisa amathuba amatsha ophuhliso lwezixhobo zokugquma i-polyurethane, i-coatings, izinto ezidibeneyo, i-adhesives, i-elastomers, njl.

Imarike yesixokelelwano esibandayo iqhuba imfuno yogwebu oluqinileyo lwe-polyurethane

I-Ofisi Jikelele yeBhunga likaRhulumente likhuphe "Isicwangciso seminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu" isicwangciso sophuhliso lwezixhobo ezibandayo sibonisa ukuba ngo-2020, ubukhulu bemarike ye-China ye-stock chain engaphezulu kwe-380 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, indawo yokugcina ebandayo ephantse ibe yi-180 yezigidi zee-cubic metres, ubunini bemoto efrijiweyo malunga ne-287,000 yeSigaba seSihlanu, ngokulandelelana. 2.4 amaxesha, 2 amaxesha kunye 2.6 amaxesha.

Kwiimathiriyeli ezininzi zokugquma, i-polyurethane inomsebenzi ogqwesileyo wokugquma, osetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto, imathiriyeli yokugquma i-polyurethane inokonga malunga ne-20% yeendleko zombane zogcino olukhulu olubandayo, kwaye ubungakanani bayo bemarike buyanda ngokuthe ngcembe ngophuhliso lweshishini lolungiselelo lwekhonkco elibandayo. Ithuba "le-14 leMinyaka emiHlanu", njengoko abahlali basezidolophini nabasemaphandleni beqhubeka bephucula ubume bokusetyenziswa, ukubanakho kweemarike ezinkulu kuya kukhawulezisa ukukhululwa kolungiselelo lwamakhonkco abandayo ukudala indawo ebanzi. ISicwangciso siphakamisa ukuba ngo-2025, ukusekwa kokuqala kothungelwano lothungelwano lwekhonkco elibandayo, uyilo kunye nolwakhiwo malunga nesiseko se-100 sesizwe somqolo obandayo, ukwakhiwa kwenani lemveliso kunye nokuthengisa iziko lokusasaza ikhonkco elibandayo, ukugqitywa okusisiseko kwe-three-tier cold chain logistics node network network; ngo-2035, ukugqitywa ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo yolungiselelo lwamatsheyini abandayo. Oku kuya konyusa ngakumbi imfuno yemathiriyeli yokugquma ngetsheyini ebandayo ye-polyurethane.

Izixhobo zogwebu ze-TPU ziphakama ngokubalaseleyo

I-TPU lishishini lokuphuma kwelanga kushishino lwemathiriyeli yepolymer entsha, izicelo ezisezantsi ziyaqhubeka ukwanda, ugxininiso lweshishini ukunyusa ngakumbi ukuqalwa kobuchwephesha kunye netekhnoloji iya kukhuthaza ngakumbi ukutshintshwa kwasekhaya.

Njengoko i-TPU ineempawu ezibalaseleyo zomzimba nezomatshini, ezinje ngokuqina okuphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, imodyuli ephezulu, kodwa inokumelana neekhemikhali, ukuxhathisa, ukuxhathisa i-oyile, ukukwazi ukufunxa ukothuka kunye nokunye okugqwesileyo kokusebenza okugqwesileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokusebenza, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zezihlangu (iintambo zezihlangu), iintambo, iifilimu, iityhubhu, iimoto, unyango kunye nezinye izinto ezikhula ngokukhawuleza kwi-polythanestol. Ushishino lwezihlangu lusesona sicelo sibaluleke kakhulu kwishishini le-TPU e-China, kodwa umlinganiselo uncitshisiwe, ubalwa malunga ne-30%, umlinganiselo wefilimu, izicelo zemibhobho ye-TPU iyanda ngokuthe ngcembe, izabelo ezimbini zeemarike ze-19% kunye ne-15% ngokulandelanayo.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umthamo omtsha wemveliso we-TPU waseTshayina ukhululwe, izinga lokuqalisa kwe-TPU ngo-2018 kunye no-2019 liye landa ngokuthe ngcembe, i-2014-2019 imveliso yasekhaya ye-TPU yasekhaya isantya sokukhula sonyaka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15.46%. Umzi-mveliso we-TPU ka-2019 waseTshayina uyaqhubeka nokwandisa ubungakanani bomkhwa, ngo-2020 imveliso ye-TPU yaseTshayina malunga neetoni ezingama-601,000, ebalwa kwisinye kwisithathu semveliso ye-TPU yehlabathi Ngaphezulu.

Iyonke imveliso TPU kwisiqingatha sokuqala 2021 malunga neetoni 300,000, ukwanda kweetoni 40,000 okanye 11.83% xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo ngo 2020. Ngokwemiqathango umthamo, umthamo wemveliso TPU yaseTshayina iye yanda ngokukhawuleza kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, kwaye izinga lokuqalisa liye labonisa kwakhona ukunyuka kwe-0 0 imveliso, kunye nokunyuka kwe-0 TPU, kunye nokunyuka kwe-0. iitoni ukuya 995,000 iitoni ukusuka 2016-2020, kunye nezinga lokukhula ngonyaka compound 11.6%. Ukusuka kwindawo yokusetyenziswa kwe-2016-2020 yaseTshayina ye-TPU yokusetyenziswa kwe-elastomer ukukhula ngokubanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwe-TPU ngo-2020 kudlule iitoni ezingama-500,000, izinga lokukhula konyaka-ngonyaka we-12.1%. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kulindeleke ukuba kufikelele malunga neetoni ezingama-900,000 ngo-2026, kunye nezinga lokukhula kwekhompawundi yonyaka malunga ne-10% kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo.

Kulindeleke ukuba kuqhubeke ubushushu bomzimba

I-Synthetic polyurethane leather (i-PU yesikhumba), i-polyurethane yokwakheka kwe-epidermis, i-microfiber yesikhumba, umgangatho ungcono kune-PVC (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Western Leather). Ngoku abavelisi bempahla basebenzisa ngokubanzi izinto ezinjalo ukuvelisa iimpahla, ngokuqhelekileyo zibizwa ngokuba yimpahla yesikhumba exelisa. I-PU ngethwathwa ngumaleko wesibini wesikhumba icala lawo elingemva lilufele lwenkomo, eliqatywe ngomaleko we-PU resin ngaphezulu, eyaziwa ngokuba yisikhumba senkomo elaminethiweyo. Ixabiso layo liphantsi kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa liphezulu. Ngokutshintsha kwenkqubo yayo nayo yenziwe ngamabakala ahlukeneyo eentlobo ngeentlobo, ezifana nesikhumba senkomo esingeniswa kumazwe angaphandle, ngenxa yenkqubo eyodwa, umgangatho ozinzileyo, iintlobo zenoveli kunye nezinye iimpawu, ngenxa yesikhumba esiphezulu sangoku, ixabiso kunye nebakala alikho ngaphantsi komgangatho wokuqala wesikhumba sokwenyani.

Isikhumba sePU ngoku sesona mveliso siphambili kwiimveliso zesikhumba ezenziweyo; kunye nesikhumba PVC nangona iqulathe plasticizers eziyingozi kwezinye iindawo zivaliwe, kodwa ukumelana yayo super sezulu kunye namaxabiso aphantsi kwenza ukuba kwimarike esezantsi-siphelo isenokhuphiswano oluqinileyo; Isikhumba se-microfiber PU nangona sivakalelwa ngokuthelekiswa nesikhumba, kodwa amaxabiso ayo aphezulu anciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, isabelo semarike malunga ne-5%.