Ishishini lemichiza laseTshayina liphuhla ukusuka kwinqanaba elikhulu ukuya kwicala elichanekileyo, kwaye amashishini ekhemikhali aqhuba utshintsho, oluya kuthi ngokuqinisekileyo luzise iimveliso ezisulungekisiweyo.Ukuvela kwezi mveliso kuya kuba nefuthe elithile ekuhleni kolwazi lwemarike nokukhuthaza umjikelo omtsha wokuphuculwa kwamashishini kunye nokuhlanganiswa.
Eli nqaku liza kuthatha isitokhwe samanye amashishini abalulekileyo kushishino lweekhemikhali zaseTshayina kunye nemimandla egxininiswe kakhulu ukubonisa impembelelo yembali yabo kunye nezibonelelo zezibonelelo kushishino.Siza kuphonononga ukuba yeyiphi imimandla enezikhundla ezibalaseleyo kula mashishini kwaye sihlalutye ukuba le mimandla ichaphazela njani na uphuhliso lwala mashishini.
1. Umthengi omkhulu wemveliso yeekhemikhali eChina: iPhondo laseGuangdong
IPhondo lase-Guangdong lelona mmandla usetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zemichiza e-China, ngenxa yomlinganiselo omkhulu we-GDP.I-GDP iyonke yePhondo laseGuangdong ifikelele kwi-12.91 yetriliyoni ye-yuan, ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala e-China, ekhuthaze uphuhliso olunenkqubela phambili lwabathengi bekhonkco leshishini lemichiza.Kwipateni yolungiselelo lweemveliso zeekhemikhali e-China, malunga ne-80% yazo inepateni yezothutho ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi, kwaye enye inkalo ebalulekileyo ekujoliswe kuyo yiPhondo laseGuangdong.
Okwangoku, iPhondo laseGuangdong lijolise ekuphuhliseni iziseko ezihlanu eziphambili zepetrochemical, zonke zixhotyiswe ngezityalo ezinkulu ezidibeneyo zokusulungekisa kunye neekhemikhali.Oku kwenze ukuba kuphuhliswe ikhonkco loshishino lweekhemikhali kwiPhondo laseGuangdong, ngokwenjenjalo kuphuculwe izinga lokucokiswa kunye nesikali sokubonelela ngeemveliso.Nangona kunjalo, kusekho i-gap kwi-market market, efuna ukuxhaswa ngezixeko ezisenyakatho ezifana neJiangsu kunye neZhejiang, ngelixa iimveliso ezitsha eziphezulu eziphezulu kufuneka zongezwe ngezibonelelo ezivela kumazwe angaphandle.
Umzobo 1: Iziseko ezihlanu eziphambili zepetrochemical kwiPhondo laseGuangdong

 
2. Eyona ndawo inkulu yokuhlanganisana yokusulungekiswa eTshayina: iPhondo laseShandong
IPhondo laseShandong yeyona ndawo inkulu yokuhlanganisana yokusulungekiswa kwe-oyile e-China, ngakumbi kwisiXeko sase-Dongying, esiqokelele elona nani likhulu lemizi-mveliso yasekhaya yokuhluza i-oyile.Ukusukela phakathi ku-2023, kukho ngaphezulu kwama-60 amashishini okucoca asekhaya kwiPhondo laseShandong, anomthamo wokusetyenzwa kwe-oli ekrwada ezizigidi ezingama-220 zeetoni ngonyaka.Umthamo wemveliso ye-ethylene kunye nepropylene nayo idlule iitoni ezizigidi ezi-3 ngonyaka kunye ne-8 yezigidi zeetoni ngonyaka, ngokulandelanayo.
Ishishini lokucoca i-oyile kwiPhondo laseShandong laqala ukukhula ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, kunye neKenli Petrochemical ibe yindawo yokuqala ezimeleyo yokucokisa, ilandelwa kukusekwa kweDongming Petrochemical (eyayisaziwa njengeDongming County Oil Refining Company).Ukususela ngo-2004, iindawo zokucoca ezizimeleyo kwiPhondo laseShandong zingene kwixesha lophuhliso olukhawulezayo, kwaye amashishini amaninzi okucoca asekhaya aqalise ukwakhiwa nokusebenza.Amanye ala mashishini athatyathwe kwintsebenziswano yasezidolophini nasezilalini kunye nenguqu, ngelixa amanye ephuma kusulungekiso lwengingqi kunye nenguqu.
Ukususela kwi-2010, amashishini asekuhlaleni okucoca ioli e-Shandong aye athandwa ngamashishini karhulumente, kunye namashishini amaninzi afunyanwa okanye alawulwa ngamashishini karhulumente, kuquka i-Hongrun Petrochemical, i-Dongying Refinery, i-Haihua, i-Changyi Petrochemical, i-Shandong Huaxing, i-Zhenghe Petrochemical, i-Qingdao. I-Anbang, iJinan Great Wall Refinery, iJinan Chemical Second Refinery, njl. Oku kukhawulezise uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweendawo zokucokisa zalapha.
3. Umvelisi omkhulu weemveliso zamachiza e-China: iPhondo laseJiangsu
IPhondo laseJiangsu lelona candelo liphambili lokuvelisa iimveliso zamayeza eTshayina, kwaye ishishini lalo lokuvelisa amayeza ngumthombo obalulekileyo we-GDP yephondo.IPhondo laseJiangsu linenani elikhulu lamashishini aphakathi axuba amayeza, afikelela kuma-4067, nto leyo eyenza ibe yeyona ndawo igqityiweyo yokuvelisa amayeza eTshayina.Phakathi kwazo, isiXeko saseXuzhou sesinye sezona zixeko zikhulu zemveliso yamayeza kwiPhondo laseJiangsu, esinamashishini aphambili athengisa amayeza asekhaya afana neJiangsu Enhua, iJiangsu Wanbang, iJiangsu Jiuxu, kunye namashishini aphantse abe ngama-60 akumgangatho ophezulu kuzwelonke webiopharmaceuticals.Ukongeza, isiXeko saseXuzhou siseke amaqonga amane ophando kunye nophuhliso kwinqanaba lesizwe kwiinkalo zobungcali ezifana ne-tumor biotherapy kunye nophuhliso lomsebenzi wezityalo zamayeza, kunye namaziko ophando nophuhliso angaphezulu kwama-70 ephondo.
Iqela leYangzijiang Pharmaceutical Group, eliseTaizhou, eJiangsu, lelinye lamashishini amakhulu avelisa amayeza kweli phondo nakwilizwe.Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, iye yabeka phezulu ngokuphindaphindiweyo uluhlu oluphezulu lwe-100 lweshishini lamayeza laseTshayina.Iimveliso zeli qela zigubungela iinkalo ezininzi ezifana nosulelo oluchasene nosulelo, i-cardiovascular, i-digestive, ithumba, inkqubo ye-nervous, kwaye uninzi lwazo lunolwazi oluphezulu kunye nesabelo semarike kwiimarike zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe.
Isishwankathelo, ishishini lokuvelisa amayeza kwiPhondo laseJiangsu libambe indawo ebaluleke kakhulu eChina.Ayingomvelisi omkhulu kuphela weemveliso zamayeza eTshayina, kodwa ikwangomnye wamashishini amakhulu okuvelisa amayeza elizweni.
Umzobo 2 Ukuhanjiswa kwehlabathi jikelele kwamashishini okuvelisa amayeza aphakathi
Umthombo weenkcukacha: Iziko loPhando loShishino olulindelekileyo

4. Umvelisi omkhulu waseTshayina weekhemikhali ze-elektroniki: iPhondo laseGuangdong
Njengesona siseko sikhulu semveliso ye-elektroniki eTshayina, iPhondo laseGuangdong liye laba lelona candelo likhulu lemveliso yeekhemikhali zombane kunye nesiseko sokusetyenziswa eTshayina.Esi sikhundla siqhutywa ikakhulu yimfuno yabathengi kwiPhondo laseGuangdong.IPhondo laseGuangdong livelisa amakhulu eendidi zeekhemikhali ze-elektroniki, ezinoluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kunye nelona zinga liphezulu lokucokisa, ezigquma iindawo ezifana neekhemikhali ze-elektroniki ezimanzi, izixhobo ezitsha zodidi lwe-elektroniki, imathiriyeli yefilim ebhityileyo, kunye nemathiriyeli yodidi lwe-elektroniki.
Ngokukodwa, iZhuhai Zhubo Electronic Materials Co., Ltd. ngumvelisi obalulekileyo welaphu lefayibha yegilasi yodidi lwe-elektroniki, idielectric ephantsi, kunye ne-ultrafine glass fiber larn.I-Changxin Resin (i-Guangdong) Co., Ltd. ivelisa i-electronic grade amino resin, i-PTT, kunye nezinye iimveliso, ngelixa i-Zhuhai Changxian New Materials Technology Co., Ltd. ithengisa ngokukodwa i-electron grade soldering flux, i-ejenti yokucoca indalo, kunye neemveliso ze-Fanlishui.La mashishini ngamashishini amele kwintsimi yeekhemikhali ze-elektroniki kwiPhondo laseGuangdong.
5. Indawo enkulu yokuvelisa i-polyester fiber e-China: iPhondo laseZhejiang
IPhondo laseZhejiang lesona siseko sikhulu semveliso yefiber yepolyester eTshayina, enamashishini emveliso yetshiphu yepolyester kunye nemveliso yepolyester filament isikali esingaphezulu kwe-30 yezigidi zeetoni/ngonyaka, isikali sokuvelisa i-polyester staple fibre engaphezulu kwe-1.7 yezigidi zeetoni/ngonyaka, kunye nangaphezulu kwama-30 amashishini okuvelisa itshiphu yepolyester, nomthamo wemveliso uwonke odlula i-4.3 yezigidi zeetoni/ngonyaka.Ngomnye weyona mimandla inkulu yokuvelisa i-polyester imichiza yefiber e-China.Ukongeza, kukho amashishini amalaphu asezantsi kunye namashishini okuluka kwiPhondo laseZhejiang.
Amashishini amele imichiza kwiPhondo laseZhejiang aquka iQela leTongkun, iQela leHengyi, iQela leXinfengming, kunye neZhejiang Dushan Energy, phakathi kwabanye.La mashishini ngawona mashishini amakhulu emveliso yeekhemikhali zepolyester eTshayina kwaye akhule kwaye aphuhliswa ukusukela eZhejiang.
6. Indawo enkulu yokuvelisa imichiza yamalahle yaseChina: IPhondo laseShaanxi
IPhondo laseShaanxi liziko elibalulekileyo loshishino lweekhemikhali zamalahle eTshayina kunye nesiseko esikhulu sokuvelisa imichiza yamalahle eChina.Ngokweenkcukacha-manani zedatha evela ePingtouge, iphondo linamashishini angaphezu kwe-7 yamalahle ukuya kwimveliso ye-olefin, kunye nesikali semveliso esingaphezulu kwe-4.5 yezigidi zeetoni ngonyaka.Ngelo xesha, isikali sokuvelisa amalahle kwi-ethylene glycol sifikelele kwi-2.6 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka.
Ishishini lemichiza yamalahle kwiPhondo laseShaanxi ligxile kwiYushen Industrial Park, eyona paki yekhemikhali yamalahle inkulu eTshayina kwaye iqokelela amashishini amaninzi okuvelisa imichiza yamalahle.Phakathi kwabo, amashishini abameli aphakathi kwamalahle eYulin, uShaanxi Yulin Energy Chemical, iPucheng Clean Energy, uYulin Shenhua, njl.
7. Isiseko semveliso yeekhemikhali ezinkulu zaseTshayina: Xinjiang
I-Xinjiang sesona siseko sikhulu semveliso yeekhemikhali zetyuwa e-China, emelwe yi-Xinjiang Zhongtai Chemical.Umthamo wayo wemveliso yePVC yi-1.72 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka, nto leyo eyenza ibe lelona shishini likhulu lePVC eTshayina.Umthamo wayo wokuvelisa i-caustic soda yi-1.47 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka, nayo inkulu e-China.Iindawo zokugcina ityuwa eziqinisekisiweyo e-Xinjiang zimalunga neetoni ezibhiliyoni ezingama-50, okwesibini kuphela kwiPhondo laseQinghai.Ityuwa echibini e-Xinjiang inomgangatho ophezulu kunye nomgangatho olungileyo, ilungele ukusetyenzwa okunzulu kunye nokusulungekiswa, kunye nokuvelisa iimveliso zeekhemikhali zetyuwa ezinexabiso eliphezulu, ezifana nesodium, ibromine, i-magnesium, njl., ezizezona zinto zilungileyo zokuvelisa ezinxulumene iikhemikhali.Ukongeza, iLop Nur Salt Lake ikwiNqila yaseRuoqiang kumntla-mpuma weTarim Basin, eXinjiang.Imithombo ye-potash eqinisekisiweyo malunga ne-300 yezigidi zeetoni, ibala ngaphezu kwesiqingatha semithombo ye-potash yelizwe.Amashishini amaninzi ekhemikhali angenile eXinjiang ukuze enze uphando kwaye akhethe ukutyala imali kwiiprojekthi zemichiza.Esona sizathu siphambili soku luncedo olupheleleyo lwezixhobo ze-Xinjiang, kunye nenkxaso yenkqubo enomtsalane ebonelelwa yiXinjiang.
8. Esona sikhululo sikhulu saseTshayina sokuvelisa imichiza yegesi yendalo: iChongqing
IChongqing sesona siseko sikhulu sokuvelisa imichiza yegesi yendalo eTshayina.Ngobuninzi bemithombo yerhasi yendalo, yenze amatyathanga emveliso yeekhemikhali zerhasi yendalo kwaye yaba sisixeko esikhokelayo segesi yendalo eTshayina.
Indawo ebalulekileyo yokuvelisa kwishishini lemichiza yegesi yendalo yaseChongqing siSithili saseChangshou.Ummandla wandise umzantsi wetsheyini loshishino lweekhemikhali zerhasi yendalo ngenzuzo yemithombo yezinto ezikrwada.Okwangoku, iSithili saseChangshou sivelise iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo zegesi yendalo, ezifana ne-acetylene, i-methanol, i-formaldehyde, i-polyoxymethylene, i-acetic acid, i-vinyl acetate, i-polyvinyl alcohol, ifilimu ye-PVA optical, i-EVOH resin, njl. Ngelo xesha, i-batch yegesi yendalo. Iindidi zeemveliso zeekhemikhali zisakhiwa, njenge-BDO, iiplastiki ezonakeleyo, i-spandex, i-NMP, i-carbon nanotubes, i-solvents yebhetri ye-lithium, njl.
Amashishini abameli ekuphuhliseni ishishini lemichiza yegesi yendalo e-Chongqing ibandakanya i-BASF, i-China Resources Chemical, kunye ne-China Chemical Hualu.La mashishini athatha inxaxheba ngenkuthalo kuphuhliso lweshishini lemichiza yerhasi yendalo yaseChongqing, ekhuthaza ukuqalwa kweteknoloji kunye nokusetyenziswa, kunye nokwandisa ngakumbi ukukhuphisana nozinzo lweshishini lemichiza yegesi yendalo yaseChongqing.
9. Iphondo elinelona nani likhulu leepaki zeekhemikhali eChina: iPhondo laseShandong
IPhondo laseShandong linelona nani likhulu leepaki zoshishino lwemichiza eTshayina.Kukho ngaphezu kwe-1000 yeepaki zemichiza kwinqanaba lephondo kunye nenqanaba lesizwe e-China, ngelixa inani leepaki zemichiza kwiPhondo laseShandong lidlula i-100. Ngokweemfuno zelizwe lokungena kwiipaki zemichiza yeekhemikhali, indawo yepaki yemizi-mveliso yemichiza yeyona nto iphambili. indawo yokuhlanganisana yamashishini ekhemikhali.Iipaki zemizi-mveliso yeekhemikhali kwiPhondo laseShandong zihanjiswa ikakhulu kwizixeko ezinjengeDongying, iZibo, iWeifang, iHeze, phakathi kwazo iDongying, iWeifang, neZibo zinelona nani liphezulu lamashishini emichiza.
Ngokubanzi, uphuhliso loshishino lweekhemikhali kwiPhondo laseShandong lugxininiswe kakhulu, ngokukodwa ngendlela yeepaki.Phakathi kwazo, iipaki zemichiza kwizixeko ezinjengeDongying, iZibo, kunye neWeifang ziphuhliswe ngakumbi kwaye ziindawo eziphambili zokuhlanganisana kwishishini lemichiza kwiPhondo laseShandong.

Umzobo 3 Ukusasazwa kweePaka zoShishino lweMichiza kwiPhondo laseShandong

10. Indawo enkulu yokuvelisa imichiza ye-phosphorus e-China: iPhondo laseHubei
Ngokweempawu zokusasazwa kwemithombo ye-phosphorus ore, imithombo ye-phosphorus ore yaseTshayina isasazwa ikakhulu kumaphondo amahlanu: Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, and Hunan.Phakathi kwabo, ukunikezelwa kwe-phosphorus ore kumaphondo amane e-Hubei, eSichuan, eGuizhou naseYunnan ihlangabezana neyona mfuno yesizwe, isenza umzekelo osisiseko wokubonelela nge-phosphorus "yokuthutha i-phosphorus ukusuka emazantsi ukuya emantla nasentshona. ukuya empuma”.Nokuba isekwe kwinani lamashishini emveliso ye-phosphate ore kunye ne-phosphides esezantsi, okanye umgangatho wemveliso kwitsheyini yoshishino lweekhemikhali zephosphate, iPhondo laseHubei yeyona ndawo iphambili yemveliso yoshishino lwemichiza yephosphate yaseTshayina.
IPhondo laseHubei linobutyebi obuninzi bephosphate ore, kunye noovimba bephosphate ore abalelwa ngaphezulu kwe 30% yezibonelelo zesizwe zizonke kunye nemveliso ebalelwa kuma-40% yetotali yemveliso yesizwe.Ngokweenkcukacha zeSebe lezoQoqosho kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi lwePhondo laseHubei, imveliso yephondo yemveliso ezintlanu, eziquka izichumisi, izichumisi ze-phosphate, kunye ne-phosphates, zihamba phambili kweli lizwe.Liphondo lokuqala elikhulu kushishino lwe-phosphating e-China kunye nesiseko esikhulu semveliso yeekhemikhali ze-phosphate ezilungileyo elizweni, kunye nesikali seekhemikhali ze-phosphate ezibalelwa kwi-38.4% yomlinganiselo wesizwe.
Amashishini emveliso yeekhemikhali ezimele iphosphorus kwiPhondo laseHubei aquka iXingfa Group, iHubei Yihua, kunye neXinyangfeng.Iqela leXingfa lelona shishini likhulu lokuvelisa imichiza yesulfure kunye nelona shishini likhulu lokuvelisa imichiza ye-phosphorus eTshayina.Izinga lokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-monoammonium phosphate kwiphondo liye lanyuka unyaka nonyaka.Ngo-2022, inani lokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-monoammonium phosphate kwiPhondo laseHubei laliyi-511000 yeetoni, kunye nesixa sokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-452 yezigidi zeedola zase-US.