1,Intshayelelo

Kwicandelo lekhemistri,phenolyikhompawundi ebalulekileyo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana namayeza, ezolimo, kunye noshishino.Kwiingcali zeekhemikhali, kubalulekile ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeephenols.Nangona kunjalo, kwabo bangezongcali, ukuqonda impendulo yalo mbuzo kunokubanceda baqonde ngcono usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo lwephenol.

2,Iintlobo eziphambili zephenol

1. I-Monophenol: Le yeyona ndlela ilula yephenol, eneringi ye-benzene enye kunye neqela elinye le-hydroxyl.I-Monophenol inokubonisa iipropati ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo.

2. I-Polyphenol: Olu hlobo lwe-phenol luqulethe amakhonkco amaninzi e-benzene.Ngokomzekelo, zombini i-bisphenol kunye ne-triphenol zi-polyphenols eziqhelekileyo.Ezi khompawundi zineempawu zekhemikhali ezintsonkothileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.

3. I-phenol efakwe endaweni: Kulo hlobo lwe-phenol, iqela le-hydroxyl litshintshwa ngamanye ama-athomu okanye amaqela e-athomu.Umzekelo, i-chlorophenol, i-nitrophenol, njl. zizinto eziqhelekileyo ezifakwe endaweni ye-phenols.Ezi khompawundi zineempawu ezizodwa zeekhemikhali kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.

4. I-Polyphenol: Olu hlobo lwe-phenol lwenziwa ngamacandelo amaninzi e-phenol adityaniswe kunye ngamabhondi ekhemikhali.I-Polyphenol ineempawu ezikhethekileyo zomzimba kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali.

3,Ubuninzi beentlobo zephenol

Ukuchaneka, umbuzo wokuba zingaphi iintlobo ze-phenols kukho umbuzo ongaphendulekiyo, njengoko iindlela ezintsha zokudibanisa zihlala zifunyanwa kwaye iintlobo ezintsha ze-phenols zihlala zixutywa.Nangona kunjalo, kwiintlobo ze-phenols ezaziwayo ngoku, sinokuzihlela kwaye sizibize ngokusekelwe kulwakhiwo kunye neempawu zazo.

4,Ukuqukumbela

Ngokubanzi, akukho mpendulo iqinisekileyo kumbuzo wokuba zingaphi iintlobo zeephenols.Nangona kunjalo, sinokuhlela i-phenols kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwisakhiwo kunye neepropati, ezifana ne-monophenols, i-polyphenols, i-phenols efakwe endaweni, kunye ne-polymeric phenols.Ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo zeephenols zineempawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neyeza, ezolimo, kunye noshishino.