Kwimarike yaseTshayina, inkqubo yemveliso ye-MMA iphuhliselwe phantse kwiintlobo ezintandathu, kwaye zonke ezi nkqubo ziye zaphuhliswa.Nangona kunjalo, imeko yokhuphiswano lwe-MMA yohluka kakhulu phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo.

Okwangoku, kukho iinkqubo ezintathu zemveliso eziphambili ze-MMA:

Indlela ye-acetone cyanohydrin (indlela ye-ACH): Le yenye yeenkqubo zokuqala zokuvelisa i-industrialized, kunye neteknoloji ekhulile kunye nokusebenza okulula.

Indlela ye-ethylene carbonylation: Le yinkqubo entsha yemveliso enefuthe eliphezulu lokusabela kunye nomgangatho wemveliso.

Indlela ye-Isobutene oxidation (indlela ye-C4): Le yinkqubo yokuvelisa esekelwe kwi-oxidative dehydrogenation ye-butene, kunye nezinto ezifumaneka ngokulula kunye neendleko eziphantsi.

Ngokwesiseko sezi nkqubo zintathu, kukho iinkqubo ezintathu eziphuculweyo zemveliso ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Indlela yeACH ephuculweyo: Ngokulungisa iimeko zokusabela kunye nezixhobo, isivuno kunye nomgangatho wemveliso zaphuculwa.

Indlela ye-acetic acid ye-acetic: Le nkqubo isebenzisa i-acetic acid njenge-acetic ekrwada, kwaye akukho kukhutshwa kwenkunkuma emithathu ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, okwenza kube yinto ehambelana nokusingqongileyo.

Iinkqubo ze-BASF kunye neLucite, ezimelwe ubukhulu becala ngegama leshishini, ziye zaphuculwa ngokukodwa kwithekhinoloji esekelwe kwiimpawu zamashishini abo, kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye neenzuzo zokukhuphisana.

Okwangoku, ezi nkqubo ezintandathu zokuvelisa zonke zifezekise ukuveliswa kweeyunithi ezinomlinganiselo weetoni ze-10000 okanye ngaphezulu e-China.Nangona kunjalo, ukhuphiswano phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo luyahluka kakhulu ngenxa yezinto ezifana neempawu zabo kunye neendleko.Kwixesha elizayo, ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso lwentengiso, imeko yokhuphiswano kwezi nkqubo zemveliso inokutshintsha.

Kwangaxeshanye, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba ngoSeptemba 2022, iyunithi yokubonisa imveliso ye-10000 ton yamalahle esekwe kwi-methanol acetic acid kwiprojekthi ye-methyl methacrylate (MMA) ephuhliswe ngokuzimeleyo liZiko lobuNjineli beNkqubo ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences. yaqala ngempumelelo kwaye yasebenza ngokuzinzileyo, kwaye iimveliso zazikumgangatho ophantsi.Esi sixhobo sesona sixhobo sokuqala sehlabathi esisekwe kwi-methanol acetic acid kwisixhobo sokubonisa se-MMA kushishino, siphumeza inguqu yemveliso yasekhaya ye-methyl methacrylate ukusuka ekuthembeleni kuphela kwimathiriyeli ekrwada ye-petroleum ekusebenziseni imathiriyeli ekrwada esekwe ngamalahle.

Ngenxa yenguqu yembonakalo yomhlaba ekhuphisanayo, unikezelo kunye nemfuno yendawo yeemveliso ze-MMA zitshintshile, kwaye intsingiselo yexabiso ibonisa ukuguquguquka okumxinwa.Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, ixabiso eliphezulu lemarike ye-MMA e-China lifikelele kwi-14014 yuan / ton, kwaye ixabiso eliphantsi limalunga ne-10000 yuan / ton.Ukusukela ngo-Agasti ka-2023, ixabiso lemakethi ye-MMA lehlile laya kutsho kwi-11500 yuan/toni.Imveliso yommeli oyintloko ezantsi kwe-PMMA, ebonise ukuguquguquka okubuthathaka kumaxabiso emarike kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, ngexabiso eliphezulu le-17560 yuan / ton kunye nexabiso elincinci le-14625 yuan / ton.Ukusukela ngo-Agasti ka-2023, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lemarike yaseTshayina ye-PMMA yehla nge-14600 yuan/ton.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa yokuba iimveliso ze-PMMA zasekhaya ubukhulu becala zezona ziphakathi ukuya kwezisezantsi iibrendi, inqanaba lexabiso leemveliso lisezantsi kunelo lemarike evela kumazwe angaphandle.

1.Ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iyunithi ye-acetic ye-MMA ye-acetic, inkqubo yokuvelisa i-ethylene MMA ibe nokhuphiswano olunamandla kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo.

Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, inkqubo yokuvelisa i-ethylene esekelwe kwi-MMA inokhuphiswano olunamandla kwimarike yaseTshayina.Ngokwezibalo, iindleko zemveliso ye-ethylene esekelwe kwi-MMA yeyona iphantsi kwaye ukhuphiswano lwayo lolona lunamandla.Ngo-2020, iindleko zethiyori esekwe kwi-ethylene i-MMA yayingama-5530 yuan ngetoni nganye, ngelixa ngoJanuwari kaJulayi ka-2023, ixabiso eliphakathi laliyi-6088 ye-yuan ngetoni kuphela.Ngokwahlukileyo, indlela ye-BASF ineendleko eziphezulu zokuvelisa, kunye neendleko ze-MMA ze-10765 yuan ngetoni nganye ngo-2020 kunye neendleko eziqhelekileyo ze-11081 yuan ngetoni ukusuka ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Agasti ka-2023.

Xa sivavanya ukukhuphisana kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kwiiyantlukwano kwiyunithi yokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo.Ngokomzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza zendlela ye-ethylene yi-0.35 ethylene, i-0.84 methanol, kunye ne-0.38 yegesi ye-synthesis, ngelixa indlela ye-BASF iyindlela ye-ethylene, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwe-ethylene yi-0.429, ukusetyenziswa kwe-methanol yi-0.387, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwegesi ye-synthesis. 662 cubic metres.Lo mahluko uchaphazela iindleko zemveliso kunye nokukhuphisana kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokusekelwe kuqikelelo lweendleko kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, ukulinganiswa kwe-MMA yokukhuphisana kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo yile: indlela ye-ethylene>indlela ye-C4>indlela ephuculweyo ye-ACH>indlela ye-ACH>indlela yeLucite>indlela ye-BASF.Olu luhlu luphenjelelwa ikakhulu ngumahluko kubunjineli boluntu phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo.

Kwixesha elizayo, ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso lwentengiso, imeko yokhuphiswano lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo inokutshintsha.Ngokukodwa ngaphandle kokuqwalasela isixhobo se-acetic ye-MMA, i-ethylene MMA kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokugcina inzuzo yayo yokukhuphisana.

2.Indlela ye-acetic acid i-MMA ilindeleke ukuba ibe yeyona ndlela yokuvelisa ikhuphisanayo

Iziko loBunjineli beNkqubo yeZiko laseTshayina lezeNzululwazi liphuhlise ngempumelelo indawo yokuqala yehlabathi yokubonisa i-acetic acid ye-methanol i-acetic acid ye-MMA.Isityalo sithatha i-methanol kunye ne-acetic acid njengezinto eziluhlaza, kunye neenkqubo ze-aldol condensation, i-hydrogenation, njl., Iqonda ukuveliswa kwexesha elide lemveliso ye-MMA.Le nkqubo inenkqubela phambili ecacileyo, kungekuphela nje inkqubo emfutshane, kodwa kunye nezinto eziphathekayo zivela kumalahle, anenzuzo yeendleko ezicacileyo.Ukongeza, i-Xinjiang Zhongyou Puhui Technology Co., Ltd. iceba ukufakelwa kwemizi-mveliso emikhulu yeetoni ze-110000 / ngonyaka, eya kukhuthaza ngakumbi ukuphuculwa kunye nophuhliso lweshishini le-MMA yaseTshayina.Xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zemveli ze-petroleum ezisekelwe kwi-MMA, inkqubo ye-acetic esekelwe kwi-MMA ihambelana nokusingqongileyo kwaye inenzuzo yezoqoqosho, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ibe lukhokelo lophuhliso olubalulekileyo kwishishini le-MMA elizayo.

3.Kukho iiyantlukwano ezibalulekileyo kubunzima bempembelelo yeendleko zeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo

Kukho iiyantlukwano ezibalulekileyo kubunzima beempembelelo zeendleko zeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa i-MMA, kwaye ubunzima beempembelelo zezinto ezahlukeneyo kwiindleko ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubuchwepheshe benkqubo.

Kwi-ACH MMA, utshintsho lwexabiso le-acetone, i-methanol, kunye ne-acrylonitrile linempembelelo enkulu kwiindleko zayo.Phakathi kwabo, utshintsho lwexabiso le-acetone lunempembelelo enkulu kwiindleko, ukufikelela kwi-26%, ngelixa utshintsho lwexabiso le-methanol kunye ne-acrylonitrile lichaphazela i-57% kunye ne-18% yeendleko, ngokulandelanayo.Ngokwahlukileyo, ixabiso le-methanol libalelwa kuphela malunga ne-7%.Ngoko ke, ekufundeni kwekhonkco lexabiso le-ACH MMA, ingqwalasela engakumbi kufuneka ihlawulwe kwiinguqu zeendleko ze-acetone.

Kwindlela ye-C4 ye-MMA, i-isobutylene ephezulu ye-high-purity yindleko eguquguqukayo enkulu, ibalwa malunga ne-58% yeendleko ze-MMA.I-Methanol yenza malunga ne-6% yeendleko ze-MMA.Ukuguquguquka kwexabiso le-isobutene kunempembelelo enkulu kwiindleko zeC4 indlela ye-MMA.

Kwi-ethylene esekelwe kwi-MMA, ukusetyenziswa kweyunithi ye-ethylene akhawunti ngaphezu kwe-85% yeendleko ze-MMA zale nkqubo, eyona mpembelelo yeendleko.Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi lwe-ethylene iveliswa njengesixhobo esixhasayo esizivelisayo, kwaye ukulungiswa kwangaphakathi kusekelwe ikakhulu kwixabiso lexabiso.Ke ngoko, inqanaba lokukhuphisana kwethiyori ye-ethylene lisenokungabi phezulu njengelona nqanaba lokukhuphisana.

Isishwankathelo, kukho ukungafani okuphawulekayo kwimilinganiselo yempembelelo yezinto ezahlukeneyo kwiindleko kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa i-MMA, kwaye uhlalutyo kufuneka luqhutywe ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe benkqubo ethile.

4.Yeyiphi inkqubo yemveliso ye-MMA eya kuba nelona xabiso liphantsi kwixesha elizayo?

Ngaphantsi kwesimo sangoku sobuchwepheshe, inqanaba lokhuphiswano lwe-MMA kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kwixesha elizayo liya kuchatshazelwa kakhulu kukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ezinto ezikrwada.Izinto ezisetyenziswayo kwiinkqubo ezininzi eziphambili zeMMA zokuvelisa ziquka iMTBE, i-methanol, i-acetone, i-sulfuric acid, kunye ne-ethylene.Ezi mveliso zinokuthengwa okanye zibonelelwe ngaphakathi, ngelixa igesi yokwenziwa, izinto ezincedisayo kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo, i-hydrocyanic acid, i-hydrogen ekrwada, njl.

Phakathi kwazo, ixabiso le-MTBE ikakhulu lilandela ukuguquguquka kwe-oyile esulungekileyo, kwaye ixabiso le-oyile esulungekileyo linxulumene kakhulu nexabiso leoli ekrwada.Kwisiseko sembonakalo ye-bullish yamaxabiso eoyile exesha elizayo, amaxabiso eMTBE nawo alindeleke ukuba abonise indlela enyukayo, kwaye indlela elindelekileyo yokunyuka yomelele kune-oyile ekrwada.Ixabiso le-methanol kwimarike liyaguquguquka kunye nentsingiselo yamaxabiso amalahle, kwaye unikezelo lwexesha elizayo kulindeleke ukuba luqhubeke nokunyuka kakhulu.Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lwemodeli yesixokelelwano seshishini luya kukhokelela ekwenyukeni kwamazinga okuzisebenzisa ngokwakho, kwaye ixabiso lemveliso ye-methanol kwimarike kulindeleke ukuba liqhubeke nokunyuka.

Indawo yokubonelela kunye nemfuno kwimarike ye-acetone iyancipha, kwaye ukwakhiwa kweeprojekthi ezintsha usebenzisa indlela ye-ACH kuthintelwe, kwaye ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lexesha elide kunokuba buthathaka.I-ethylene ubukhulu becala ibonelelwa ngaphakathi kwaye inokhuphiswano oluqinileyo lwexabiso.

Ke ngoko, ngokusekwe kwimeko yangoku yetekhnoloji kunye nentsingiselo yokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ezinto ezikrwada, kusekho ukungaqiniseki malunga nokuba yeyiphi inkqubo yemveliso ye-MMA eya kuba nelona xabiso liphantsi kwixesha elizayo.Nangona kunjalo, kunokubonwa kwangaphambili ukuba kwimeko yokunyuka kwexabiso le-oyile kunye namalahle kwixesha elizayo, amaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza ezifana ne-methanol kunye ne-MTBE nazo zilindeleke ukuba ziphakame, ezinokuthi zibe nempembelelo enkulu kwinqanaba lokukhuphisana kwe-MMA kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo.Ukuze kugcinwe ukukhuphisana, abavelisi banokufuna iindlela zokubonelela ngezinto eziphathekayo ezinoqoqosho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ngelixa besomeleza ukulungelelaniswa kunye nokuveliswa kweenkqubo zokuvelisa ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso.

Isishwankathelo

Inqanaba lokukhuphisana kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-MMA e-China kwixesha elizayo kulindeleke ukuba liqhubeke liqinile kwinkqubo ye-ethylene, ilandelwa yinkqubo ye-ACH exhasa iyunithi ye-acrylonitrile, kwaye emva koko inkqubo ye-C4.Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwixesha elizayo, amashishini aya kuphuhlisa imodeli ye-industrial chain model, eya kuba yeyona ndlela ikhuphisanayo yokusebenza ngeemveliso zexabiso eliphantsi kunye ne-downstream exhasa i-PMMA okanye ezinye iimveliso zeekhemikhali.

Isizathu sokuba kutheni indlela ye-ethylene kulindeleke ukuba ihlale yomelele kungenxa yokufumaneka okunamandla kwe-ethylene ekrwada, ebangela umlinganiselo ophezulu kakhulu weendleko zemveliso ye-MMA.Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kucaciswe ukuba i-ethylene eninzi inikezelwa ngaphakathi, kwaye inqanaba layo lokukhuphisana kwethiyori lingenakuba liphezulu njengelona nqanaba lokukhuphisana.

Indlela ye-ACH inokhuphiswano oluqinileyo xa idityaniswe neyunithi ye-acrylonitrile, ngokukodwa ngenxa yokuba i-isobutylene ephezulu ye-sobutylene njengeyona nto iphambili i-akhawunti yexabiso elikhulu leendleko ze-MMA, ngelixa indlela ye-ACH inokuvelisa i-isobutylene ephezulu njenge-byproduct, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa iindleko. .

Ukukhuphisana kweenkqubo ezifana nendlela ye-C4 ibuthathaka, ngokuyininzi ngenxa yokuguquguquka okukhulu kwexabiso lezinto eziluhlaza ze-isobutane kunye ne-acrylonitrile, kunye nomlinganiselo ophantsi we-isobutane kwiindleko zokuvelisa i-MMA.

Ngokubanzi, eyona ndlela ikhuphisanayo yokusebenza yekhonkco leshishini le-MMA kwixesha elizayo iya kuba yeyomashishini ukuba aphuhlise imodeli yekhonkco loshishino, ngeemveliso eziphantsi kweendleko eziphantsi kunye nokuxhasa i-PMMA okanye ezinye iimveliso zekhemikhali.Oku akunakunciphisa kuphela iindleko zemveliso kunye nokuphucula ukukhuphisana kwemveliso, kodwa kunye nokuhlangabezana ngcono neemfuno zemarike.