Kwimarike yaseTshayina, inkqubo yemveliso ye-MMA iphuhlise iindidi ezintandathu, kwaye ezi nkqubo ziphuhlisiwe. Nangona kunjalo, imeko yokhuphiswano kaMma iyahluka kakhulu phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo.

Okwangoku, zithathu iinkqubo zemveliso eziphambili ze-MMA:

I-Acetone ye-Acetone ye-Acetoneydrin (Indlela yeAch): Le yenye yeenkqubo zokuvelisa ezenziwe ngezoqoqosho, kunye netekhnoloji eqolileyo kunye nokusebenza ngokulula.

Indlela ye-carylene carbone: Le yinkqubo entsha yemveliso enomgangatho ophezulu wokusabela kunye nomgangatho wemveliso.

Indlela ye-ISOButene ye-IS4

Ngenxa yezi nkqubo ezintathu, kukho iinkqubo ezintathu zemveliso ezilandelayo:

Indlela ephuculweyo ye-ACH: ngokuphendula imeko yokuphendula kunye nezixhobo, isivuno kunye nomgangatho wemveliso waphuculwa.

Indlela ye-Ice Acetic Acid: Le nkqubo isebenzisa i-acetic acid njengezinto eziluhlaza, kwaye akukho kukhutshwa kweenkunkuma ezintathu ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso, esenza ukuba ibe nobuhlobo.

I-BASF kunye neenkqubo ze-Lucite, ezimelwe ikakhulu ngegama leshishini, ziye zaphucuka ngokwahlukileyo kwezobuchwephesha ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zamashishini abo, kunye nezibonelelo ezinokhuphiswano.

Okwangoku, ezi nkqubo zintandathu zemveliso ziye zaphumelela ukuveliswa kweeyunithi ezinamacala angama-10000 okanye ngaphezulu eTshayina. Nangona kunjalo, ukhuphiswano phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo luyahluka kakhulu ngenxa yezinto ezinje ngeempawu zazo kunye neendleko. Kwixa elizayo, ngokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso lwentengiso, imeko yokhuphiswano kwezi nkqubo zemveliso inokutshintsha.

Kwangelo xesha, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba ngoSeptemba wama-2022, icandelo lemizi-mveliso le-10000 ye-Ton Coal Icetic Acetic Acid (MMA) iphuhliswe ngokuzimeleyo ngokwezifundo ze-Chinese ye-Chinese Iqale ngempumelelo kwaye isebenza kakuhle, kwaye iimveliso zazingaphezulu. Esi sixhobo sisixhobo sokuqala se-methanol ye-methanol ye-metanol ye-thhanol ye-thhanol ye-Acid ye-MIPID kwi-MMAMIDE, efikelela kwinguqu ye-methyl yasekhaya ye-methyl ye-methyl ye-methacrylate ukusuka kwizinto ezikhoyo zepetrole.

Ngenxa yenguqu yendawo yokhuphiswano, ukuhanjiswa kunye nendawo yemfuno yeemveliso zeMMA kutshintshile, kwaye imeko yamaxabiso ibonisa ukuguquka okuncinci. Kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, ixabiso eliphezulu lentengiso lase-Mma e-China lifikelele kwi-14014 yuan / ton, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi limalunga ne-10000 yuan / ton. Ukusukela nge-2023, ixabiso lemakethi ye-MMA liye lehlile ukuya kwi-11500 Yuan / Ton. Imveliso engummeli ephambili i-PMSPLEAM ye-PMMA, ebonisile i-gubcation ebuthathaka kumaxabiso entengiso kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, ngexabiso eliphezulu le-17660 yuan / ton. Ukusukela nge-2023, intengo ephambili yemakethi ye-PMM ye-PMMMA iguqulwe kwi-14600 Yuan / Ton. Kufuneka iqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa yokuba iimveliso ze-PMMA ze-PMMA ziphakathi kweempawu eziphantsi, inqanaba lamaxabiso lemveliso lingaphantsi kuneso semarike yengeniso.

1.Ngaphandle kokujonga i-Acetic Acid Iyunithi yeYunithi, inkqubo ye-Ethylene MMA iye yahlelo elinamandla kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo.

Kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, inkqubo ye-Ethylene isekwe kwinkqubo yemveliso yenkqubo yemveliso eyomeleleyo kwimarike yaseTshayina. Ngokweenkcukacha-mali, iindleko zemveliso ze-Ethylene ezisekwe kwi-MMA yeyona nto iphantsi kwaye ukhuphiswano lwayo lolona lolona lomeleleyo. Ngo-2020, iindleko zethiyori ze-EOLYCLEE ISMMA yayingama-5530 Yuan kwitoni nganye, ngelixa ngoJanuwari 2023, indleko iphakathi yayingu-6088 yuan ngetoni nganye. Ngokwahlukileyo, indlela ye-BASF inexabiso eliphezulu lemveliso, ngendleko ze-MMA nge-2020 kwitoni ye-20081 indleko ze-11081 yuan kwitoni ukuya kwi-2023.

Xa kuvavanywa ukhuphiswano lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kulwahluko kwiyunithi yokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingafunekiyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwendlela engaphantsi kwendlela ye-ithylene yi-Ethylene, 0.84 Methanol, kunye ne-0.38 irhasi ye-Ethylene yi-0.429, ukusetyenziswa kwe-methanol yi-Synthes Iimitha ezingama-662. Lo mahluko uchaphazela iindleko zemveliso kunye nokhuphiswano lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo.

Isekwe kuqikelelo lweendleko kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, i-MMA YASEKHAYA iinkqubo zeenkqubo: Lo mgangatho uphenjelelwa ikakhulu ngumahluko kubunjineli boluntu phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo.

Kwixesha elizayo, kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso lwentengiso, imeko yokhuphiswano lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo inokutshintsha. Ingakumbi ngaphandle kokujonga isixhobo se-acetic ye-acid MMA, i-Ethylene MMA kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokugcina inzuzo yakhe yokhuphiswano.

2.Indlela ye-acetic acid mma kulindeleke ukuba ibe yeyona ndlela ikhuphisanayo yemveliso

Iziko lenkqubo yobunjineli be-Chinese Academy yeSayensi iphuhlise ngempumelelo i-Metanol ye-Metanol ye-Metanol ye-Aceting ye-Acid ye-Acid ye-Acid ye-Acid ye-Acid ye-Mveliso ye-Acid ye-Mveliso ye-Acid ye-Acid MIRORE. Isityalo sithatha i-metanol kunye ne-acetic acid njengezinto ezingafunekiyo, kwaye kwiinkqubo ze-Alldol ye-Allson ye-Albol, njl njl, ziyaqonda ukuba imveliso yexesha elide yeemveliso zeMMA. Le nkqubo iqhubela phambili inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo, ayisiyiyo kuphela inkqubo emfutshane, kodwa nezinto eziluhlaza zivela kumalahle, enokuxabisa okucacileyo. Ukongeza, iXinjiang Zhongyou Puhui iTekhnoloji yoKufakwa kwi-110000 yeetoni / zonyaka, eziya kuthi zikhuthaze ukuphuculwa komzi-mveliso we-MAMA. Xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ze-Petroleum ezisekwe kwi-MMA ye-MMA, inkqubo ye-acetic acid ye-MMA inobuhlobo obufanelekileyo kwaye inobuhlobo ngokwemeko ye-MMA kwaye inzuzo yezoqoqosho, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ibe yindlela ebalulekileyo yophuhliso kumzi-mveliso we-MMA.

3.Kukho umahluko okhoyo kwimilinganiselo yeendleko yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo

Kukho umahluko obonakalayo kwimilinganiselo yeendleko yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuveliswa kwe-MMA, kwaye ubunzima bezinto ezahlukeneyo kwiindleko ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwitekhnoloji yenkqubo.

Kwi-ACMA MMA, utshintsho lwamaxabiso e-acetone, i-methanol, kunye ne-acrylonitile inefuthe elibonakalayo kwiindleko zalo. Phakathi kwazo, utshintsho lwamaxabiso e-acetone lunempembelelo enkulu kwiindleko, ukufikelela kwi-26%, ngelixa i-Methanol ye-methanol kunye ne-acylonitile ichaphazela i-57% yeendleko, ngokulandelelana. Ngokwahlukileyo, iindleko zeAkhawunti yeMethanol kuphela malunga ne-7% kuphela. Ke ngoko, kufundisiso lwexabiso le-ACH MMA, ingqalelo eyongezelelweyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwiindleko zexabiso le-acetone.

Kwindlela ye-C4 ye-MMA, ukucoceka okuphezulu i-isobylene yeyona ndleko inkulu kakhulu, inika ingxelo malunga ne-58% yeendleko ze-MMA. I-Methanol i-akhawunti emalunga ne-6% yeendleko ze-MMA. Ukuguquguquka kwexabiso le-isotutene kunefuthe elibonakalayo kwiindleko ze-C4 indlela ye-MMA.

I-EOLLEne ese-Erlene esekwe kwi-MMA, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zeeakhawunti ze-ithylene ngaphezulu kwe-85% yeendleko ze-MMA zale nkqubo, eyimpembelelo ephambili. Nangona kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi lwe-e-ithylene luveliswa njengezixhobo zokuxhasa ukuzixhasa, kwaye indawo yangaphakathi yokuhlala ijolise kwixabiso lexabiso lexabiso. Ke ngoko, inqanaba lokhuphiswano lwethu lokhuphiswano lwe-Ethylene lisenokungabi phezulu njengenqanaba lokhuphiswano.

Ngamafutshane, kukho umahluko obonakalayo kwimilinganiselo yempembelelo yezinto kwiindleko kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuveliswa kwe-MMA, kwaye uhlalutyo kufuneka lwenziwe ngokusekwe kwitekhnoloji yenkqubo.

4.Yeyiphi inkqubo yemveliso ye-MMA iya kuba nexabiso eliphantsi kwixesha elizayo?

Phantsi kwemeko yetekhnoloji yangoku, inqanaba le-MMA lokhuphiswano le-MMA kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kwixa elizayo liya kuchaphazeleka kakhulu kukutshintsha kwamaxabiso ezinto ezinqabileyo. Izinto ezingafunekiyo ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ze-MMA eziphambili ze-MMA zibandakanya i-mtbe, i-methanol, i-acetone, isulfuric acid, kunye ne-ithylene. Ezi mveliso zinokuthengwa okanye zinikezelwe ngaphakathi, ngelixa irhasi ye-synthectisec, i-catalysts kunye nezinto ezincedisayo, i-Hydrocynic Acid, i-Hyddrogen ye-Hydrogen, i-Harded Hydrogen, njl.

Phakathi kwazo, ixabiso le-MTBE ikakhulu i-trull iguquka imakethi yeoyile ehlaziyiweyo, kwaye ixabiso leoyile elihlaziyiweyo lihambelana ngokusondeleyo nexabiso leoyile ebomvu. Kwindawo yokujonga amaxabiso e-oyile, amaxabiso e-MTBI kulindeleke ukuba abonise imikhwa ephezulu, kwaye eyona nto ilindelweyo ilindelwe kakhulu kuneoli ebukhali. Ixabiso le-methanol kwimarike iyakuphikisana nenqanaba lamaxabiso amalahle, kwaye ukubonelelwa kwexesha elizayo kulindeleke ukuba kuqhubekeke ukwanda. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphuculwa kwemodeli ye-chain yendlela yokusebenza kuya kukhokelela ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso e-dowstream, kwaye ixabiso lempahla yeThethanol kwimakethi kulindeleke ukuba inyuke.

Indawo yokubonelela kunye nemfuno yemfuno kwintengiso ye-acetone iyawohloka, kwaye ukwakhiwa kweeprojekthi ezintsha usebenzisa indlela ye-ACHoto usebenzisa indlela yokuthintela i-ACH ithintelwe, kwaye ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lexesha elide kunokuba buthathaka. I-Ethylene inikezelwa kakhulu kwaye inolumke lwamaxabiso aqinileyo.

Ke ngoko, ngokusekelwe kwimeko yezobuchwephesha ngoku kunye nenqanaba lokudibanisa amaxabiso aphezulu, kusekho ukungaqiniseki malunga nenkqubo yemveliso ye-MMA iya kuba nendleko eziphantsi kwixesha elizayo. Nangona kunjalo, inokubonwa kwangaphambili ukuba kwimeko yexabiso leoyile neyeoli yexesha elizayo, amaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza ezifana ne-methanol kunye ne-MTBE kulindeleke ukuba ziphakame kwinqanaba le-MMA lokhuphiswano lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Ukwenzela ukugcina ukhuphiswano, abavelisi banokufuna ukukhangela iindlela zoqoqosho ezingakumbi zezoqoqosho, ngelixa ukomeleza impumelelo kunye nemveliso yeenkqubo zemveliso ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso.

Isishwankathelo

Ukukhuphisana neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-MMA eTshayina kwixesha elizayo kulindeleke ukuba zomelele kwinkqubo ye-ethylene, ilandelwa yinkqubo ye-ACHYS exhasa iyunithi ye-acyfoitring, kwaye ke inkqubo ye-C4. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwixa elizayo, amashishini aya kuphuhlisa kwimodeli ye-chain yamashishini, eya kuba yeyona ndlela ikhuphisanayo yokusebenza ngexabiso lexabiso eliphantsi kwimveliso ye-PROSE kunye ne-PMMAMICS ENGCWANGCISO YENKQUBO okanye ezinye iimveliso zekhemikhali.

Isizathu sokuba indlela ye-Ethylene kulindeleke ukuba ihlale yomelele ngenxa yokufumaneka okuqinileyo kwe-ethlene yayo yobuqhetseba, enika uninzi lweendleko zeMveliso zeMMA. Nangona kunjalo, kufanele ukuba ichaze ukuba uninzi lwe-ithylene lubonelelwe ngaphakathi, kwaye inqanaba layo lokhuphiswano lokuhlela alinakuba phezulu njengenqanaba lokhuphiswano.

Indlela ye-ACH inonokhuphiswano olomeleleyo xa ibhatyiwe neyunithi ye-acrylonitile, ngenxa yokuba i-orty slowlene njengeyona ndlela iphambili ye-MMA inokuthi ivelise i-bobylene ephambili, apho kuncitshiswa iindleko .

Ukhuphiswano lweenkqubo ezinjenge-C4 zendlela lubuthathaka, ikakhulu ngenxa yexabiso elibalulekileyo lezinto ze-isobutane kunye ne-acrylonitile ye-isobutane kwiindleko ze-MMA.

Ngokubanzi, eyona ndlela yokhuphiswano lokusebenza kwe-MMA kwixesha elizayo iya kuba ngamashishini e-chain Chain, ngexabiso eliphantsi le-PMMA okanye ezinye iimveliso zekhemikhali. Oku akunakunciphisa kuphela iindleko zemveliso kwaye kuphuculwe ukhuphiswano lwemveliso, kodwa lube ngcono badibane nemfuno yentengiso.