Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-China ikhawulezise uphuhliso lwamashishini asakhasayo acwangcisiweyo afana neteknoloji yolwazi lwesizukulwana esitsha, ukuveliswa kwezixhobo eziphezulu, kunye namandla amatsha, kunye nokuphumeza iiprojekthi ezinkulu kuqoqosho lwesizwe kunye nolwakhiwo lwezokhuselo.Ishishini elitsha lemathiriyeli lifuna ukubonelela ngenkxaso kunye nesiqinisekiso, kwaye indawo yophuhliso yexesha elizayo yeshishini lezinto ezintsha likhulu.Ngokwezibalo, ixabiso lemveliso yemveliso entsha yemathiriyeli yaseTshayina linyukile ukusuka malunga ne-1 yetriliyoni yeyuan ngo-2012 ukuya kwi-6.8 yetriliyoni yeyuan ngo-2022, ngokukhula okupheleleyo kwamaxesha ama-6 kunye nesantya sokukhula ngonyaka esingaphezulu kwama-20%.Ixabiso lemveliso yemveliso entsha yaseTshayina kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-10 yezigidi zezigidi zeeyuan ngo-2025.

1.Isishwankathelo soShishino lweZixhobo eziNtsha

Izixhobo ezitsha zibhekisa kwizinto ezisandul 'ukuphuhliswa okanye ukuphuhlisa izinto zokwakha ezinomsebenzi ogqwesileyo kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza ezineempawu ezizodwa.NgokweziKhokelo zoPhuhliso kuShishino lweZixhobo eziNtsha, imathiriyeli entsha yahlulahlulwe yaziindidi ezintathu: imathiriyeli engundoqo ephambili, imathiriyeli ephambili yobuchule, kunye nemathiriyeli entsha yokusika.Udidi ngalunye lukwabandakanya imimandla ethile engaphantsi yezinto ezintsha, ezinoluhlu olubanzi.

Ukuhlelwa kwezinto ezintsha

I-China ibona ukubaluleka okukhulu kuphuhliso loshishino olutsha lwemathiriyeli kwaye ngokulandelelanayo yaludwelisa njengeshishini lesizwe lobugcisa obuphezulu kunye noshishino oluphambili olucwangcisiweyo olusahlumayo.Izicwangciso ezininzi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ziye zaqulunqwa ukukhuthaza ngamandla uphuhliso lweshishini lezinto ezintsha, kwaye indawo yesicwangciso soshishino olutsha lwemathiriyeli iyaqhubeka nokunyuka.Lo mzobo ulandelayo ubonisa imaphu yemathiriyeli entsha yesiCwangciso se-14 seMinyaka emiHlanu:

Emva koko, amaphondo amaninzi kunye nezixeko nazo ziye zazisa izicwangciso zophuhliso kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ekhethekileyo ukukhuthaza nokuxhasa uphuhliso loshishino olutsha lwemathiriyeli.

2.Ishishini lezinto ezintsha

◾Ulwakhiwo lwekhonkco lweshishini

Umjelo osemantla wetsheyini loshishino lwemathiriyeli emitsha ibandakanya izinto zentsimbi, izixhobo zetsimbi ezingezizo, izixhobo zekhemikhali, izinto zokwakha, izinto ezilukiweyo, njl. njl -Edge izixhobo ezintsha.Izicelo ezisezantsi zibandakanya ulwazi lwe-elektroniki, izithuthi zamandla amatsha, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, ishishini lezixhobo zekhaya, izixhobo zonyango, i-aerospace, oomatshini beempahla, ukwakhiwa kunye namashishini amachiza, njl.

Imephu yoShishino lweZizinto eziNtsha

◾ukuhanjiswa kwendawo

Ishishini lemathiriyeli elitsha laseTshayina lenze imodeli yophuhliso lwentlanganisela, kugxilwe kwi-Bohai Rim, iYangtze River Delta, kunye nePearl River Delta, kunye nokusasazwa okubalaseleyo kwamaqela emizi-mveliso kwimimandla yaseMntla-mpuma kunye noMbindi kunye neNtshona.

◾Ubume boshishino

Ishishini elitsha lemathiriyeli kwilizwe lethu lenze ipateni yokukhuphisana yamanqanaba amathathu.Inqanaba lokuqala lenziwe ikakhulu ngamashishini afumana inkxaso-mali kumazwe angaphandle, kunye neenkampani zaseMelika ezihamba phambili.Iinkampani zaseJapan zineenzuzo kumasimi anje ngamananomaterials kunye nezixhobo zolwazi lwe-elektroniki, ngelixa iinkampani zaseYurophu zineenzuzo ezicacileyo kwizinto zokwakha, ii-optics kunye nezixhobo ze-optoelectronic.Inqanaba lesibini liqulunqwe ikakhulu ngamashishini aphambili, amelwe ziinkampani ezifana ne-Wanhua Chemical kunye ne-TCL Central.Ngemigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe encomekayo kunye nokuphumelela kwetekhnoloji ephezulu, amashishini aphambili eTshayina ngokuthe ngcembe asondela kwinqanaba lokuqala.Inqanaba lesithathu liqulunqwe ikakhulu linani elikhulu lamashishini amancinci naphakathi, ikakhulu asebenzisa izixhobo ezisisiseko eziphambili, ezinokhuphiswano oluqatha.

Ubume obukhuphisanayo bamashishini kwishishini lezinto ezintsha zaseTshayina

3.Imeko yokhuphiswano lwehlabathi

Amaqumrhu okuvelisa izinto ezintsha kushishino lwezixhobo ezitsha ngamazwe aphuhlileyo kunye nemimandla efana ne-United States, iJapan kunye neYurophu, ezinobuninzi beenkampani ezinkulu zezizwe ngezizwe kunye neenzuzo ezipheleleyo kumandla ezoqoqosho, itekhnoloji engundoqo, uphando kunye namandla ophuhliso, isabelo semarike. , kunye neminye imiba.Phakathi kwabo, iUnited States lilizwe elihamba phambili elihamba phambili, iJapan ineenzuzo kwiinkalo ze-nanomaterials, izixhobo zolwazi lwe-elektroniki, njl.I-China, i-South Korea, kunye ne-Russia zisemva kakhulu kwaye ngoku zingakwinqanaba lesibini kwihlabathi.I-China ineengenelo zokuthelekisa ekukhanyeni kwe-semiconductor, izixhobo zemagnethi ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezisisigxina, izixhobo zekristale ezenziweyo, uMzantsi Korea kwizinto zokubonisa, izinto zokugcina, kunye neRussia kwizinto ze-aerospace.Ngokwembono yentengiso yezixhobo ezintsha, uMntla Merika kunye neYurophu ngoku zineyona marike inkulu yezinto ezintsha emhlabeni, kwaye intengiso ivuthiwe.Kwingingqi yeAsia Pacific, intengiso yezixhobo ezintsha ikwinqanaba lophuhliso olukhawulezayo.

4. Ukuphumelela okugqwesileyo kwintsimi yehlabathi yezinto ezintsha