Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-China iye yakhawulezisa ukuphuculwa kwamashishini asakhulayo amashishini anjengetekhnoloji yolwazi entsha, ukuqhuba izixhobo eziphezulu, kunye namandla amatsha, kunye nokuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi ezinkulu kuqoqosho nolwakhiwo lokhuselo. Ishishini elitsha lezixhobo kufuneka libonelele ngenkxaso kunye nesiqinisekiso, kunye nendawo yophuhliso yexesha elizayo yomzi-mveliso omtsha wezixhobo zininzi. Ngokweenkcukacha-mali, ixabiso lokukhupha lezixhobo ze-china elitsha liye landa ukusuka kwi-1 trillion yuan ngo-2012 ukuya kwi-6.8 yeTrillion Yuan kwi-2022, ireyithi yonyaka engaphezu kwe-20%. Ixabiso lemveliso leShishini leZixhobo eziNtsha zaseTshayina kulindeleke ukuba lifikelele kwi-10 trillion yuan nge-2025.

1.Umbonakalo yeShishini elitsha leZixhobo

Izinto ezintsha zibhekisa kwiphucukileyo okanye ukuphuhlisa izixhobo zendlela ngentsebenzo egqwesileyo kunye nezinto ezisebenzayo ezinepropathi ekhethekileyo. NgokwesiKhokelo soPhuculo seShishini elitsha leZixhobo, izixhobo ezintsha zihlulwe zahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwa kwezi zinto zilandelayo: Izinto eziphambili ezisisiseko, izixhobo eziphambili zesicwangciso-nkqubo, kunye nokusika izinto ezintsha. Inqanaba ngalinye likwabandakanya amasimi athile ezinto ezitsha, kunye noluhlu olubanzi.

Ukwahlula-hlula izinto ezintsha

I-China ibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lweshishini elitsha lezixhobo kwaye iqhubele phambili njengeshishini leTekhnoloji yeSizwe kunye neshishini elikhutshiweyo. Izicwangciso ezininzi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yenziwa ukuba ikhuthaze ngamandla ukuphuculwa komzi-mveliso omtsha wezixhobo, kwaye isikhundla sobuchule seshishini elitsha lezixhobo liyaqhubeka. Lo mzobo ulandelayo ubonakalisa imephu entsha yezinto ze-14 yeminyaka emihlanu:

Emva koko, amaphondo amaninzi kunye nezixeko ezininzi ziye zazisa nezicwangciso zophuhliso kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ekhethekileyo yokukhuthaza kunye nokuxhasa ukuphuculwa kweshishini elitsha lezixhobo.

2. Ishishini lokwakha izixhobo

◾Isakhiwo seChain Shift

I-upstream ye-chain yamashishini amatsha ibandakanya izinto zensimbi, izixhobo zentsimbi ezingeyongozi, izixhobo zokwakha, izixhobo ezisisiseko, izixhobo ezisisiseko, kunye nezixhobo eziphambili zezixhobo. Izicelo ezisezantsi zibandakanya ulwazi lwe-elektroniki, izithuthi ezitsha zamandla, ulondolozo lwamandla kunye nokukhusela isixhobo, izixhobo zezamayeza, oomatshini bokwakha, oomatshini bokwakha, imisebenzi yekhemikhali, njl njl.

Imephu ye-chain yamashishini amatsha

◾Ukuhanjiswa kwendawo

Umzi-mveliso omtsha we-China wenza imodeli yophuhliso lweqela, kugxilwe kwi-Bohai Rim, i-Yangtze River Delta, kunye ne-Pearl River Delta, kunye ne-Pearl River Delta, kunye neMimandla yeNtshona.

◾I-Shishini leSerdCape

Umzi-mveliso omtsha wezixhobo kwilizwe lethu wenze indlela yokhuphiswano kwii-tier ezintathu. I-tier yokuqala ibunjwe ikakhulu kumashishini afunyenwe kwelinye ilizwe, neenkampani zaseMelika ezikhokelela endleleni. Iinkampani zaseJapan ziluncedo kwimihlaba efana ne-nanomastenals, ngelixa iinkampani zaseYurophu zinezibonelelo ezibonakalayo kwizinto ezibonakalayo, amaqhosha kunye nezixhobo ze-pintoect. I-tier yesibini ifakwe ikakhulu ngamashishini aphezulu, amelwe ziinkampani ezinje nge-wahuua ichiza kunye ne-tcl embindini. Ngemigaqo-nkqubo ethandwayo yelizwe kunye neentlobo ezibonakalayo kwiTekhnoloji yokuGqibela, amashishini okukhokela e-China acacisa ngokuthe ngcembe tier. I-tier yesithathu yenziwe ikakhulu linani elikhulu lamashishini amancinci naphakathi, ubukhulu becala usebenzisa izixhobo ezisisiseko ezisisiseko, kunye nokhuphiswano oluvuthayo.

Umhlaba wokhuphiswano lwamashishini kwi-China

3.Umhlaba onokhuphiswano lwehlabathi

Amacandelo okutshata okuvelisa ishishini elitsha lezixhobo aphuhliswe amazwe kunye nemimandla efana ne-United States, iJapan, naseYurophu, enobuchule obukhulu, obuninzi bophando, isabelo sentengiso, kunye nezinye iimpawu. Phakathi kwazo, iUnited States lilizwe elinamandla eliphakamileyo, iJapan iluncedo kumasimi e-Nanomas, izixhobo zokufumana izinto ze-elektroniki zolwazi, njl njl. I-China, eMzantsi Korea, naseRussia zisondele kakhulu kwaye njengangoku zezesibini zehlabathi emhlabeni. I-China inezibonelelo zokuthelekisa ngesibane se-semiconductor, i-Subnet yomhlaba enqabileyo, izixhobo zekristali ye-actal, eMzantsi-South, South Korea kwizinto ezibonakalayo, izixhobo zokugcina, kunye neRussia kwizixhobo ze-aerospace. Ngokwembono yemakethi entsha yemakethi, iMantla Melika neYurophu okwangoku inemakethi enkulu yehlabathi, kwaye imakethi ikhula ngokuvakalayo. Kwingingqi ye-Asia Pacific, imakethi entsha yentengiso ikwinqanaba lokuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza.

I-4. Impumelelo ebalaseleyo kwintsimi yehlabathi yezixhobo ezitsha