Okwangoku, imakethi yekhemikhali yaseTshayina iyabhomboloza yonke indawo. Kwiinyanga ezili-10 ezidlulileyo, uninzi lweekhemikhali e-China zibonise ukwehla okukhulu. Ezinye iichemicals zehlile ngaphezulu kwe-60%, ngelixa eyona nto iphambili kwiikhemikhali zehlile ngaphezulu kwe-30%. Uninzi lweechemicals lubethe ii-lows ezintsha kunyaka ophelileyo, ngelixa iikhemikhali ezimbalwa zibethe ii-lows ezintsha kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Kungathi intsebenzo yakutsha nje yemakethi yaseChemical Chemic iqaqambile kakhulu.
Ngokutsho kohlalutyo, ezona zizathu ziphambili zendlela eqhubekayo yeekhemikhali zalo nyaka udlulileyo zezi zilandelayo:
1. Ulwakhiwo lwentengiso yabathengi, lumelwe ngu-United States, lube nefuthe elibonakalayo ekusetyenzisweni kweekhemizi lehlabathi.
Ngokwe-adtion ye-Adtion Forse, Index yoLwazi loThengi kwi-United States yawela kwinyanga ye-9 ephantsi kwikota yokuqala, kwaye amakhaya amaninzi alindele ukuba uqhubeke ukonakalisa. Ukwehla kwi-Indendi yoLwazi lwabaThengi kufuthi kuthetha ukuba inkxalabo malunga nokudodobala koqoqosho iyaqhubeka, kwaye amakhaya amaninzi anciphisa inkcitho kwinkcitho kwixesha elizayo.
Esona sizathu siphambili sokwehla kolwazi lwabathengi eUnited States kukwehla kwixabiso le-NEATE NOFETE INKQUBO. Oko kukuthi, ukubaluleka kwepropathi yokwenyani e-United States sele isezantsi kunemali mboleko yemali mboleko, kunye nepropathi. Aba bantu, bakhanyisela iibhanti zabo kwaye baqhubeke nokubuyisa amatyala abo, okanye banikezele ngezindlu zabo zokumisa ukubuyisa imbolekoso yabo, ebizwa ngokuba yimbumbulu. Uninzi lwabaviwa lukhetha ukuqinisa amabhanti abo ukuze uqhubeke nokuhlawula amatyala, ecinezela ngokucacileyo imarike yabathengi.
I-United States yeyona ntengiso yabathengi ihlabathi. Ngo-2022, iMveliso yasekhaya yase-US yayiyi- $ 22.94 trillion, kusenzeka kakhulu emhlabeni. Abantu baseMelika banengeniso yonyaka malunga ne-50000 yeedola kwaye iyonke impahla yokuthengisa impahla yeHlabathi ye-5.7 yeedola. Ukuthoba imakethi yabathengi yase-US ibe nefuthe elibonakalayo ekunciphiseni imveliso kunye nokuselwa ngemichiza, ngakumbi kwiikhemikhali ezithunyelwe kwi-China ukuya eUnited States.
2. Ingcinezelo ye-macroeconomic iziswe yintsebenzo yentengiso yabathengi yase-US itsale phantsi isitolo soqoqosho lwehlabathi.
Kutshanje iBhanki yeBhanki yeHlabathi ikhutshelwe amathemba oqoqosho lwehlabathi inika ingxelo ngoqikelelo loqeqesho lwehlabathi ngama-2023 ukuya kwi-1.7%, ukwehla kwe-1.3% ye-1.3% ye-1.3% yenqanaba lesithathu eliphantsi kwiminyaka engama-30 ephantsi. Ingxelo ibonisa ukuba ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokunyuka kwamaxabiso, ukunyuka kwenzalo yenzalo, ukukhula kotyalo-mali, kunye nokukhula koqoqosho lwehlabathi, ukukhula koqoqosho lwehlabathi kukuthoba umgangatho wengozi.
UMongameli weBhanki yeHlabathi uMaguire wathi uqoqosho lwehlabathi lujamelene "nengxaki yokuphuhlisa" kunye nezithintelo kwimigangatho yehlabathi zinokuqhubeka. Njengoko ukukhula kwezoqoqosho kwehlabathi kuyacothisa, uxinzelelo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwi-United States luyanyuka, kwaye uxinzelelo lwamatyala lunyuka, oluye lwalunemisebenzi evuthayo kwimarike yabathengi yehlabathi.
I-3. Ukuhanjiswa kwamachiza e-China kuyaqhubeka ukukhula, kwaye uninzi lweekhemikhali zijamelene nokubi ngokuchaseneyo.
Ukususela esiphelweni sika-2022 ukuya phakathi kwe-2023, iiprojekthi ezininzi zekhemikhali enkulu eTshayina. Ukuphela kuka-2022, i-Zhejiang Potrochemical ifake ukusebenza kwi-1.4 yezigidi zeetoni zezityalo ze-Ethylene minyaka le, kunye nezixhobo ezixhasayo ze-powylene NgoSeptemba 2022, i-Liankeneang Project Project yasebenza kwaye ixhotyiswe ngezixhobo ezantsi; Ekupheleni kukaDisemba wama-2022, uShenghong Repled kunye neProjekthi yeShemicamizi yeThemikhali ye-Donn yenziwa, yongeza iimveliso ezininzi zekhemikhali; NgoFebruwari 2023, iHainan yezityalo ezizigidi zeTon Ethylene yafakwa khona, kwaye iprojekthi esemgangathweni esebenzayo yokuxhasa; Ekupheleni kuka-2022, isityalo se-Ethylene sikaShanghai Petrosrochemical siya kusetyenziswa. Nge-2023, iprojekthi ye-TDI ye-wahuua yekhemikhali ye-fujian mveliso yemveliso iya kusetyenziswa.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, i-China isungule i-internel yeeprojekthi ezinkulu zekhemikhali, inyusa ukubonelelwa kwemarike kwiikhemikhali zekhemikhali. Phantsi kwemarike yabathengi yangoku, ukukhula kwecala lokuhanjiswa kwimakethi yekhemikhali ikwakhawuleze ukhawulezise ukuphononongwa kwemfuno ngokuchasene nentengiso.
Lilonke, esona sizathu siphambili sokuncipha kwexesha elide kwixabiso lemveliso yekhemikhali yindawo yentengiso yezizwe ngezizwe, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni kwemveliso yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe. Ukusuka kolu luvo, kunokubonwa ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe kwimakethi yokuthengisa imakethi yomthengi, imfuneko yokuhanjiswa ngokuchasene nemakethi yabathengi yase China iya kukhokelela kumaxabiso aphantsi amdaka endle. Ukwehla kwamaxabiso entengiso zamanye amazwe kuqhutywa ngakumbi ukubekwa buthathaka kwimarike yemichiza yaseTshayina, ngaloo ndlela bemisela indlela esezantsi. Ke ngoko, isiseko sentengo yentengiso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yeefimimikhali e-China zisanyanzelekile yimakethi yezizwe ngezizwe, kwaye ishishini lekhemikhali lamaTshayina lisanyanzelwa ziimarike zangaphandle malunga noku. Ke, ukuphelisa imeko yonyaka-phantse, ukongeza ekuhlengahlengiseni ukuhambisa kwayo, kuya kuxhomekeka kwi-macroeconomic kwakhona iimarike zeeripheramic.