Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inkqubo yetekhnoloji yoshishino lweekhemikhali yaseTshayina yenze inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo, nto leyo ekhokelele ekudityanisweni kweendlela zokuvelisa imichiza kunye nokwahlulwa kokhuphiswano lwentengiso yeekhemikhali.Eli nqaku lijonge ikakhulu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso ye-epoxy propane.

Ngokophando, ngokungqongqo, kukho iinkqubo ezintathu zokuvelisa ze-epoxy propane, ezizezi indlela ye-chlorohydrin, indlela ye-co oxidation (indlela ye-Halcon), kunye ne-hydrogen peroxide e-direct oxidation method (HPPO).Okwangoku, indlela ye-chlorohydrin kunye nendlela ye-HPPO ziinkqubo eziphambili zokuveliswa kwe-epoxy propane.

Indlela ye-Chlorohydrin yindlela yokuvelisa i-epoxy propane usebenzisa i-propylene kunye ne-chlorine gas njengezinto eziluhlaza ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifana ne-chlorohydrination, i-saponification, kunye ne-distillation.Le nkqubo inesivuno esiphezulu se-epoxy propane, kodwa iphinda ivelise inani elikhulu lamanzi amdaka kunye negesi yokukhupha, enempembelelo enkulu kwindalo.

Indlela ye-co oxidation yinkqubo yokuvelisa i-propylene oxide usebenzisa i-propylene, i-ethylbenzene, kunye ne-oxygen njengezinto ezibonakalayo.Okokuqala, i-ethylbenzene idibana nomoya ukuvelisa i-ethylbenzene peroxide.Emva koko, i-ethylbenzene peroxide ifumana i-cyclization reaction kunye nepropylene ukuvelisa i-epoxy propane kunye ne-phenylethanol.Le nkqubo inenkqubo yokusabela entsonkothileyo kwaye ivelisa iimveliso ezininzi, ngoko ke, ikwajongana neempembelelo ezingalunganga kokusingqongileyo.

Indlela ye-HPPO yinkqubo yokongeza i-methanol, ipropylene, kunye ne-hydrogen peroxide kumlinganiselo omkhulu we-4.2: 1.3: 1 kwi-reactor equkethe i-zeolite titanium silicate catalyst (TS-1) yokusabela.Le nkqubo inokuguqula i-98% ye-hydrogen peroxide, kwaye ukukhethwa kwe-epoxy propane kunokufikelela kwi-95%.Isixa esincinci sepropylene engasabeli ngokuyinxenye inokuphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona kwisixhobo sokwenza oko ukuze iphinde isetyenziswe.

Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, i-epoxy propane eveliswa yile nkqubo okwangoku kuphela kwemveliso evunyelwe ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle e-China.

Sibala intsingiselo yexabiso ukusuka kwi-2009 ukuya phakathi kwe-2023 kwaye sijonge utshintsho kwimveliso ye-epichlorohydrin kunye neenkqubo ze-HPPO kwiminyaka eyi-14 edlulileyo.

Indlela ye-Epichlorohydrin

1.Indlela ye-epichlorohydrin inenzuzo ixesha elininzi.Kwiminyaka eyi-14 edlulileyo, inzuzo yokuvelisa i-epichlorohydrin ngendlela ye-chlorohydrin ifikelele phezulu kwi-8358 yuan / ton, eyenzeka ngo-2021. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2019, kukho ilahleko encinci ye-55 yuan / ton.

2.Ukuguquguquka kwenzuzo yendlela ye-epichlorohydrin ihambelana nokuguquguquka kwexabiso le-epichlorohydrin.Xa ixabiso le-epoxy propane linyuka, inzuzo yemveliso ye-epichlorohydrin indlela nayo iyanda ngokufanelekileyo.Oku kuhambelana kubonisa impembelelo eqhelekileyo yotshintsho kwintengiso kunye nemfuno kunye nexabiso lemveliso kumaxabiso eemveliso ezimbini.Umzekelo, ngo-2021, ngenxa yobhubhane, ukusetyenziswa kwepolyether ethambileyo yogwebu kwanda kakhulu, okwathi kwanyusa ixabiso le-epoxy propane, ekugqibeleni kwadala imbali ephezulu kumda wenzuzo yemveliso ye-epichlorohydrin.

3.Ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lepropylene kunye nepropylene oxide kubonisa ukuhambelana kwexesha elide, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, kukho umehluko omkhulu kwi-amplitude ye-fluctuation phakathi kwezi zibini.Oku kubonisa ukuba amaxabiso epropylene kunye ne-epichlorohydrin aphenjelelwa yimiba eyahlukeneyo, ngamaxabiso epropylene anefuthe elibalulekileyo kwimveliso ye-epichlorohydrin.Ngenxa yokuba ipropylene yeyona nto iphambili kwimveliso ye-epichlorohydrin, ukuguquguquka kwexabiso layo kuya kuba nefuthe elibalulekileyo kwixabiso lemveliso ye-epichlorohydrin.

Lilonke, inzuzo yemveliso ye-epichlorohydrin e-China ibikwimeko enengeniso uninzi lweminyaka eyi-14 edlulileyo, kwaye ukuguquguquka kwayo kwenzuzo kuyahambelana nokuguquguquka kwexabiso le-epichlorohydrin.Amaxabiso epropylene yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela inzuzo yemveliso ye-epichlorohydrin e-China.

HPPO indlela epoxy propane

1.Indlela ye-HPPO yaseTshayina ye-epoxypropane ibe nenzuzo ixesha elininzi, kodwa inzuzo yayo isezantsi xa kuthelekiswa nendlela ye-chlorohydrin.Ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, indlela ye-HPPO yafumana ilahleko kwi-epoxy propane, kwaye ixesha elininzi, inqanaba lenzuzo yalo lalisezantsi kakhulu kunendlela ye-chlorohydrin.

2.Ngenxa yokunyuka okuphawulekayo kwexabiso le-epoxy propane kwi-2021, inzuzo ye-HPPO epoxy propane ifikelele kwimbali ephezulu kwi-2021, ifikelele kwi-6611 yuan / ton.Nangona kunjalo, kusekho umsantsa ophantse ube yi-2000 yuan/toni phakathi kweli nqanaba lenzuzo kunye nendlela ye-chlorohydrin.Oku kubonisa ukuba nangona indlela ye-HPPO ineenzuzo kwimiba ethile, indlela ye-chlorohydrin iseneenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ngokwenzuzo epheleleyo.

3.Ukongeza, ngokubala inzuzo yendlela ye-HPPO usebenzisa i-50% yexabiso le-hydrogen peroxide, kwafunyaniswa ukuba akukho kulungelelaniswa okubalulekileyo phakathi kwexabiso le-hydrogen peroxide kunye nokuguquguquka kwexabiso lepropylene kunye nepropylene oxide.Oku kubonisa ukuba inzuzo yendlela ye-HPPO yaseTshayina ye-epoxypropane ithintelwe ngamaxabiso epropylene kunye ne-high concentration ye-hydrogen peroxide.Ngenxa yonxulumano olusondeleyo phakathi kokuguquguquka kwexabiso kwezi zinto zikrwada kunye neemveliso eziphakathi kunye nezinto ezifana nonikezelo lwemarike kunye nemfuno kunye neendleko zemveliso, ibe nempembelelo enkulu kwingeniso yemveliso ye-epoxy propane isebenzisa indlela ye-HPPO.

Ukuguquguquka kwengeniso yemveliso ye-HPPO yendlela ye-epoxy propane kwiminyaka eyi-14 edlulileyo ibonise uphawu lokuba nenzuzo ixesha elininzi kodwa kunye nenqanaba eliphantsi lenzuzo.Nangona ineenzuzo kwimiba ethile, xa iyonke, inzuzo yayo isafuna ukuphuculwa.Ngelo xesha, inzuzo ye-HPPO indlela ye-epoxy propane ichaphazeleka kakhulu ngokuguquguquka kwexabiso lezinto eziluhlaza kunye neemveliso eziphakathi, ngokukodwa ipropylene kunye ne-peroxide ephezulu ye-hydrogen peroxide.Ke ngoko, abavelisi kufuneka babeke iliso elibukhali kwiintsingiselo zemarike kwaye bahlengahlengise iindlela zokuvelisa ngokufanelekileyo ukufikelela elona nqanaba lilungileyo lengeniso.

Impembelelo yezinto eziphambili kwiindleko zabo phantsi kweenkqubo ezimbini zokuvelisa

1.Nangona ukuguquguquka kwenzuzo yendlela ye-epichlorohydrin kunye nendlela ye-HPPO ibonisa ukungaguquguquki, kukho umahluko omkhulu kwimpembelelo yemathiriyeli ekrwada kwingeniso yabo.Lo mahluko ubonisa ukuba kukho iiyantlukwano kulawulo lweendleko kunye namandla okulawula inzuzo phakathi kwezi nkqubo zimbini zemveliso xa ujongene nokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ezinto ezikrwada.

2.Kwindlela ye-chlorohydrin, umlinganiselo wepropylene kwiindleko ufikelela kumyinge we-67%, ubalwa ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sexesha, kwaye ufikelela kubuninzi be-72%.Oku kubonisa ukuba kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-chlorohydrin, ixabiso lepropylene linempembelelo enkulu kubunzima.Ngoko ke, ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lepropylene kunempembelelo ngokuthe ngqo kwiindleko kunye nenzuzo yokuveliswa kwe-epichlorohydrin ngendlela ye-chlorohydrin.Olu qwalaselo luyahambelana nentsingiselo yexesha elide yenzuzo kunye nokuguquguquka kwexabiso lepropylene ekuvelisweni kwe-epichlorohydrin ngendlela ye-chlorohydrin ekhankanywe ngaphambili.

Ngokwahlukileyo, kwindlela ye-HPPO, i-avareji yempembelelo yepropylene kwiindleko zayo yi-61%, kunye nezinye zineempembelelo eziphezulu kwi-68% kunye neyona nto iphantsi kwi-55%.Oku kubonisa ukuba kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-HPPO, nangona ixabiso leempembelelo zexabiso lepropylene likhulu, alinamandla njengempembelelo yendlela ye-chlorohydrin kwiindleko zayo.Oku kunokuba ngenxa yempembelelo ebalulekileyo yezinye izinto eziluhlaza ezifana ne-hydrogen peroxide esetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-HPPO kwiindleko, ngokunciphisa impembelelo yokuguquguquka kwexabiso lepropylene kwiindleko.

3.Ukuba ixabiso lepropylene liguquguquka nge-10%, impembelelo yeendleko ze-chlorohydrin indlela iya kudlula indlela ye-HPPO.Oku kuthetha ukuba xa ujongene nokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso epropylene, iindleko zendlela ye-chlorohydrin ichaphazeleka ngakumbi, kwaye ngokuthelekiswa, indlela ye-HPPO inolawulo olungcono lweendleko kunye namandla okulawula inzuzo.Olu qwalaselo kwakhona luqaqambisa iyantlukwano ekuphenduleni ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ezinto ezikrwada phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso.

Kukho ukungaguquguquki kwenzuzo phakathi kwendlela ye-chlorohydrin yaseTshayina kunye nendlela ye-HPPO ye-epoxy propane, kodwa kukho umahluko kwimpembelelo yemathiriyeli ekrwada kwingeniso yabo.Xa ujongene nokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ezinto ezikrwada, iinkqubo ezimbini zemveliso zibonisa ulawulo lweendleko ezahlukeneyo kunye namandla okulawula inzuzo.Phakathi kwabo, indlela ye-chlorohydrin inovakalelo ngakumbi ekuguquguqukeni kwexabiso lepropylene, ngelixa indlela ye-HPPO inokumelana nomngcipheko olungileyo.Le mithetho inokubaluleka okukhokelayo kumashishini ukuba akhethe iinkqubo zemveliso kwaye aqulunqe amaqhinga emveliso.

Impembelelo yezinto ezincedisayo kunye nezinto eziluhlaza kwiindleko zabo phantsi kweenkqubo ezimbini zokuvelisa

1.Impembelelo yolwelo lweklorini kwiindleko zemveliso ye-epichlorohydrin ngendlela ye-chlorohydrin i-avareji ye-8% kuphela kule minyaka ili-14 idlulileyo, kwaye isenokuqwalaselwa njengengenayo phantse impembelelo yeendleko ngqo.Olu qwalaselo lubonisa ukuba iklorini engamanzi idlala indima engephi kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-chlorohydrin, kwaye ukuguquguquka kwexabiso layo kunempembelelo encinci kwindleko ye-epichlorohydrin eveliswa yi-chlorohydrin.

2.Iimpembelelo zeendleko zokuxinana okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen peroxide kwindlela ye-HPPO ye-epoxy propane iphezulu kakhulu kunegesi ye-chlorine kwiimpembelelo zeendleko ze-chlorohydrin.I-hydrogen peroxide yi-oxidant ephambili kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-HPPO, kwaye ukuguquguquka kwexabiso layo kunempembelelo ngqo kwiindleko ze-epoxy propane kwinkqubo ye-HPPO, okwesibini kuphela kwipropylene.Olu qwalaselo luqaqambisa indawo ebalulekileyo yehydrogen peroxide kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iHPPO.

3.Ukuba ishishini livelisa igesi yeklorini yemveliso, impembelelo yeendleko zegesi yeklorini kwimveliso ye-epichlorohydrin ayinakuhoywa.Oku kunokuba ngenxa yexabiso elincinci legesi yeklorini yemveliso, enempembelelo encinci kwiindleko zemveliso ye-epichlorohydrin usebenzisa i-chlorohydrin.

4.Ukuba i-75% yoxinaniso lwe-hydrogen peroxide isetyenzisiweyo, impembelelo yeendleko ze-hydrogen peroxide kwindlela ye-HPPO ye-epoxy propane iya kudlula i-30%, kwaye impembelelo yeendleko iya kuqhubeka ikhula ngokukhawuleza.Olu qwalaselo lubonisa ukuba i-epoxy propane eveliswa yindlela ye-HPPO ayichatshazelwa kuphela ngokuguquguquka okubalulekileyo kwipropylene yezinto eziluhlaza, kodwa kunye nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwexabiso le-hydrogen peroxide.Ngenxa yokwanda kokuxinana kwehydrogen peroxide esetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iHPPO ukuya kuma-75%, isixa kunye neendleko zehydrogen peroxide nazo zonyuka ngokufanelekileyo.Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela imarike, kwaye ukuguquguquka kweenzuzo zayo kuya kwanda, okuya kuba nempembelelo enkulu kwixabiso layo lemarike.

Kukho umahluko omkhulu kwimpembelelo yeendleko zezixhobo ezincedisayo zokwenziwa kweenkqubo zokuvelisa i-epichlorohydrin usebenzisa indlela ye-chlorohydrin kunye nendlela ye-HPPO.Impembelelo yeklorini engamanzi kwixabiso le-epichlorohydrin eveliswe yindlela ye-chlorohydrin incinci, ngelixa impembelelo ye-hydrogen peroxide kwiindleko ze-epichlorohydrin eveliswa yindlela ye-HPPO ibaluleke kakhulu.Kwangaxeshanye, ukuba inkampani ivelisa eyayo igesi yeklorini okanye isebenzise imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yehydrogen peroxide, iindleko zayo ziya kwahluka.Le mithetho inokubaluleka okukhokelayo kumashishini ukukhetha iinkqubo zemveliso, ukuqulunqa amaqhinga emveliso, kunye nokulawula iindleko.

Ngokusekelwe kwidatha yangoku kunye neendlela, iiprojekthi eziqhubekayo ze-epoxy propane kwixesha elizayo ziya kudlula isikali sangoku, kunye neeprojekthi ezininzi ezintsha ezamkela indlela ye-HPPO kunye ne-ethylbenzene co oxidation method.Le nto iya kubangela ukwanda kweemfuno zezinto eziluhlaza ezifana nepropylene kunye ne-hydrogen peroxide, eya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwiindleko ze-epoxy propane kunye neendleko ezipheleleyo zeshishini.

Ukusuka kumbono weendleko, amashishini anemodeli yekhonkco yeshishini edibeneyo anokulawula ngcono ubunzima bempembelelo yemathiriyeli ekrwada, ngokwenjenjalo ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuphucula ukukhuphisana kwemarike.Ngenxa yokuba uninzi lweeprojekthi ezintsha ze-epoxy propane kwixesha elizayo ziya kwamkela indlela ye-HPPO, imfuno ye-hydrogen peroxide nayo iya kwanda, eya kwandisa ubunzima bempembelelo yokuguquguquka kwexabiso le-hydrogen peroxide kwiindleko ze-epoxy propane.

Ukongeza, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwendlela ye-ethylbenzene co oxidation kwiiprojekthi ezintsha ze-epoxy propane kwixesha elizayo, imfuno yepropylene nayo iya kwanda.Ngoko ke, ubunzima bempembelelo yokuguquguquka kwexabiso lepropylene kwiindleko ze-epoxy propane nazo ziya kwanda.Ezi zinto ziza kuzisa imingeni engaphezulu kunye namathuba kwishishini le-epoxy propane.

Ngokubanzi, uphuhliso loshishino lwe-epoxy propane kwixesha elizayo luya kuphenjelelwa ziiprojekthi eziqhubekayo kunye nezinto eziluhlaza.Kumashishini amkela i-HPPO kunye neendlela ze-ethylbenzene co oxidation, ingqwalasela eninzi kufuneka ihlawulwe kulawulo lweendleko kunye nophuhliso lwekhonkco loshishino.Kubathengisi bezinto eziluhlaza, kuyimfuneko ukomeleza uzinzo lonikezelo lwempahla ekrwada kunye neendleko zokulawula ukuphucula ukhuphiswano lwemarike.