Igama lemveliso:iacetic acid

Imo yemolekyuli:C2H4O2

Inombolo yeCAS:64-19-7

Imveliso yesakhiwo semolekyuli:

Inkcazo:

Iipropati zeMichiza:

I-Acetic acid, i-CH3COOH, lulwelo olungenambala, oluguquguqukayo kumaqondo obushushu akwindawo engqongileyo.Ikhompawundi esulungekileyo, i-acetic acid yomkhenkce, ibizwa ngegama layo ngenxa yembonakalo yayo efana nomkhenkce kwi-15.6°C.Njengoko kubonelelwe ngokubanzi, i-acetic acid iyisisombululo se-6 N yamanzi (malunga ne-36%) okanye isisombululo se-1 N (malunga ne-6%).Ezi okanye ezinye iidilution zisetyenziswa ekongezeni izixa ezifanelekileyo zeacetic acid ekutyeni.I-Acetic acid yimpawu ye-asidi yeviniga, ukugxininiswa kwayo ukusuka kwi-3.5 ukuya kwi-5.6%.I-acetic acid kunye ne-acetates zikhona kwizityalo ezininzi kunye nezicubu zezilwanyana kwiimali ezincinci kodwa ezibonakalayo.Zizinto eziqhelekileyo ze-metabolic intermediates, ziveliswa ziintlobo zebhaktiriya ezifana ne-Acetobacter kwaye zinokudityaniswa ngokupheleleyo kwi-carbon dioxide yi-microorganisms efana ne-Clostridium thermoaceticum.I-rat yenza i-acetate ngesantya se-1% yobunzima bomzimba wayo ngosuku.

Njengolwelo olungenambala olunevumba elinamandla, elibukhali, elinophawu lweviniga, luluncedo kwibhotolo, itshizi, iidiliya kunye nencasa yeziqhamo.Incinci kakhulu i-acetic acid ecocekileyo njengoko isetyenziswa ekutyeni, nangona ihlelwa yi-FDA njengento ye-GRAS.Ngenxa yoko, inokuthi isetyenziswe kwiimveliso ezingabandakanywayo kwiiNkcazo kunye neMigangatho yesazisi.I-Acetic acid iyona nxalenye ephambili yeviniga kunye ne-pyroligneous acid.Ngohlobo lweviniga, ngaphezu kwe-27 yezigidi ze-lb zongezwa ekutyeni ngo-1986, malunga nezixa ezilinganayo ezisetyenziswa njenge-acidulants kunye ne-flavoring agents.Enyanisweni, i-acetic acid (njengeviniga) yayiyenye yezinto zokuqala zokunambitha.Iiviniga zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseleleni isaladi yokugqoka kunye ne-mayonnaise, i-pickle emuncu kunye ne-sweet kunye neesosi ezininzi kunye ne-catsups.Zikwasetyenziswa ekunyangeni inyama nasekunkonkxeni imifuno ethile.Ukwenziwa kwe-mayonnaise, ukongezwa kwenxalenye ye-acetic acid (iviniga) kwityuwa- okanye ishukela-yolk kunciphisa ukuxhathisa ukushisa kweSalmonella.Iingoma zokubopha amanzi kwiisoseji zihlala zibandakanya i-acetic acid okanye ityuwa yesodium, ngelixa i-calcium acetate isetyenziselwa ukugcina ukuthungwa kwemifuno egayiweyo, enkonkxiweyo.

Isicelo:
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-acetic acid kwishishini

1. Isetyenziswe kwi-synthesis yedayi kunye neenki.

2. Isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iziqholo.

3. Isetyenziswa kumashishini erabha kunye neplastiki.Isetyenziswe njenge-solvent kunye nezinto zokuqala kwiipolymers ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kwi-rubber kunye namashishini eplastiki (njenge-PVA, i-PET, njl.).

4. Isetyenziswe njengento yokuqala yepeyinti kunye nezixhobo zokunamathela

5. Isetyenziswa kwishishini lokulungisa ukutya njengesongezo kwisonka samasi kunye neesosi nanjengesigcini sokutya.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-acetic acid kwi-chemical synthesis

I-1.Isetyenziswe kwi-synthesis ye-cellulose acetate.I-Cellulose acetate isetyenziswa kwiifilimu zezithombe kunye neendwangu.Ngaphambi kokuveliswa kwefilimu ye-cellulose acetate, ifilimu yezithombe yayisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa nge-nitrate, eyayineengxaki ezininzi zokhuseleko.

2. Isetyenziswe njenge-solvent ye-synthesis ye-terephthalic acid.I-Paraxylene i-oxidized kwi-terephthalic acid.I-Terephthalic acid isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-PET, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza iibhotile zeplastiki.

3. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-reaction kunye nee-alcohols ezahlukeneyo ukwenza i-esters.I-acetate derivatives isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezongezo zokutya.

4. Isetyenziswe kwi-synthesis ye-vinyl acetate monomer.I-monomer inokuthi ke ipholiseke ukwenza i-poly(vinyl acetate) eyaziwa ngokuba yi-PVA.I-pVA inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezivela kwiyeza (ngenxa ye-biocompatibility yayo kwi-nanotechnology (njenge-stabilizer) ekwenzeni iphepha).

5. Isetyenziswe njenge-solvent kwiimpendulo ezininzi ze-organocatalytic.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-acetic acid kwiyeza

1. I-acetic acid isetyenziswa kubuchule obubizwa ngokuba yi-pigmented endoscopy, engenye ye-endoscopy yesiqhelo.

2. I-acetic acid isetyenziselwa ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo komhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunye nezilonda.Ikwasetyenziselwa ukuhlola umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

3. I-acetic acid isetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-otitis yangaphandle.

4. I-acetic acid ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo zebhaktheriya kunye nefungal.

5. Kwiimvavanyo zebhubhoratri kwiigundane, i-acetic acid ibonakaliswe ukunciphisa impendulo yokuvuvukala kwiigundane.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-acetic acid ekhaya

1. I-acetic acid iyona nxalenye ephambili yeviniga.

2. Iviniga isetyenziselwa ukukha imifuno

3. Isetyenziselwa ukugqoka isaladi

4. Isetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokubhaka.Idibana nesoda yokubhaka ukukhupha igesi yekharbon dayoksayidi ukwenza ukutya kuguquguquke.

5.Isetyenziswe njenge-agent ye-antifungal.