Igama lemveliso:iacetic acid

Imo yemolekyuli:C2H4O2

Inombolo yeCAS:64-19-7

Imveliso yesakhiwo semolekyuli:

Inkcazo:

Iipropati zeMichiza:

I-Acetic acid, i-CH3COOH, lulwelo olungenambala, oluguquguqukayo kumaqondo obushushu akwindawo engqongileyo. Ikhompawundi esulungekileyo, i-acetic acid yomkhenkce, ibizwa ngegama layo ngenxa yembonakalo yayo efana nomkhenkce kwi-15.6°C. Njengoko kubonelelwe ngokubanzi, i-acetic acid iyisisombululo se-6 N yamanzi (malunga ne-36%) okanye isisombululo se-1 N (malunga ne-6%). Ezi okanye ezinye iidilution zisetyenziswa ekongezeni izixa ezifanelekileyo zeacetic acid ekutyeni. I-Acetic acid yimpawu ye-asidi yeviniga, ukugxininiswa kwayo ukusuka kwi-3.5 ukuya kwi-5.6%. I-acetic acid kunye ne-acetates zikhona kwizityalo ezininzi kunye nezicubu zezilwanyana kwiimali ezincinci kodwa ezibonakalayo. Zizinto eziqhelekileyo ze-metabolic intermediates, ziveliswa ziintlobo zebhaktiriya ezifana ne-Acetobacter kwaye zinokudityaniswa ngokupheleleyo kwi-carbon dioxide yi-microorganisms efana ne-Clostridium thermoaceticum. I-rat yenza i-acetate ngesantya se-1% yobunzima bomzimba wayo ngosuku.

Njengolwelo olungenambala olunevumba elinamandla, elibukhali, elinophawu lweviniga, luluncedo kwibhotolo, itshizi, iidiliya kunye nencasa yeziqhamo. Incinci kakhulu i-acetic acid ecocekileyo njengoko isetyenziswa ekutyeni, nangona ihlelwa yi-FDA njengento ye-GRAS. Ngenxa yoko, inokuthi isetyenziswe kwiimveliso ezingabandakanywayo kwiiNkcazo kunye neMigangatho yesazisi. I-Acetic acid iyona nxalenye ephambili yeviniga kunye ne-pyroligneous acid. Ngohlobo lweviniga, ngaphezu kwe-27 yezigidi ze-lb zongezwa ekutyeni ngo-1986, malunga nezixa ezilinganayo ezisetyenziswa njenge-acidulants kunye ne-flavoring agents. Enyanisweni, i-acetic acid (njengeviniga) yayiyenye yezinto zokuqala zokunambitha. Iiviniga zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseleleni isaladi yokugqoka kunye ne-mayonnaise, i-pickle emuncu kunye ne-sweet kunye neesosi ezininzi kunye ne-catsups. Zikwasetyenziswa ekunyangeni inyama nasekunkonkxeni imifuno ethile. Ukwenziwa kwe-mayonnaise, ukongezwa kwenxalenye ye-acetic acid (iviniga) kwityuwa- okanye ishukela-yolk kunciphisa ukuxhathisa ukushisa kweSalmonella. Iingoma zokubopha amanzi kwiisoseji zihlala zibandakanya i-acetic acid okanye ityuwa yesodium, ngelixa i-calcium acetate isetyenziselwa ukugcina ukuthungwa kwemifuno egayiweyo, enkonkxiweyo.

Isicelo:
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-acetic acid kwishishini

1. Isetyenziswe kwi-synthesis yedayi kunye neenki.

2. Isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iziqholo.

3. Isetyenziswa kumashishini erabha kunye neplastiki. Isetyenziswe njenge-solvent kunye nezinto zokuqala kwiipolymers ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kwi-rubber kunye namashishini eplastiki (njenge-PVA, i-PET, njl.).

4. Isetyenziswe njengento yokuqala yepeyinti kunye nezixhobo zokunamathela

5. Isetyenziswa kwishishini lokulungisa ukutya njengesongezo kwisonka samasi kunye neesosi nanjengesigcini sokutya.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-acetic acid kwi-chemical synthesis

I-1.Isetyenziswe kwi-synthesis ye-cellulose acetate. I-Cellulose acetate isetyenziswa kwiifilimu zezithombe kunye neendwangu. Ngaphambi kokuveliswa kwefilimu ye-cellulose acetate, ifilimu yezithombe yayisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa nge-nitrate, eyayineengxaki ezininzi zokhuseleko.

2. Isetyenziswe njenge-solvent ye-synthesis ye-terephthalic acid. I-Paraxylene i-oxidized kwi-terephthalic acid. I-Terephthalic acid isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-PET, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza iibhotile zeplastiki.

3. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-reaction kunye nee-alcohols ezahlukeneyo ukwenza i-esters. I-acetate derivatives isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezongezo zokutya.

4. Isetyenziswe kwi-synthesis ye-vinyl acetate monomer. I-monomer inokuthi ke ipholiseke ukwenza i-poly(vinyl acetate) eyaziwa ngokuba yi-PVA. I-pVA inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezivela kwiyeza (ngenxa ye-biocompatibility yayo kwi-nanotechnology (njenge-stabilizer) ekwenzeni iphepha).

5. Isetyenziswe njenge-solvent kwiimpendulo ezininzi ze-organocatalytic.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-acetic acid kwiyeza

1. I-acetic acid isetyenziswa kubuchule obubizwa ngokuba yi-pigmented endoscopy, engenye ye-endoscopy yesiqhelo.

2. I-acetic acid isetyenziselwa ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo komhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunye nezilonda. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukuhlola umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

3. I-acetic acid isetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-otitis yangaphandle.

4. I-acetic acid ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo zebhaktheriya kunye nefungal.

5. Kwiimvavanyo zebhubhoratri kwiigundane, i-acetic acid ibonakaliswe ukunciphisa impendulo yokuvuvukala kwiigundane.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-acetic acid ekhaya

1. I-acetic acid iyona nxalenye ephambili yeviniga.

2. Iviniga isetyenziselwa ukukha imifuno

3. Isetyenziselwa ukugqoka isaladi

4. Isetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokubhaka. Idibana nesoda yokubhaka ukukhupha igesi yekharbon dayoksayidi ukwenza ukutya kuguquguquke.

5.Isetyenziswe njenge-agent ye-antifungal.