Igama lemveliso:Toluene

Imo yemolekyuli:C7H8

Inombolo yeCAS:108-88-3

Ulwakhiwo lwemolekyuli yemveliso:

Iipropati zeMichiza::

I-Toluene, i-organic compound ene-chemical formula C₇H₈, ilulwelo olungenambala, oluguquguqukayo olunevumba elimnandi elingaqhelekanga. Inepropathi eyomeleleyo ye-refractive. Iyaxubana ne-ethanol, i-ether, i-acetone, i-chloroform, i-carbon disulfide kunye ne-glacial acetic acid, kwaye i-soluble kancinane kakhulu emanzini. Ukutsha, umphunga unokwenza umxube oqhumayo kunye nomoya, umthamo womthamo womxube ungaqhuma kwindawo ephantsi. Ubuthi obuphantsi, i-LD50 (i-rat, ngomlomo) 5000mg / kg. i-concentration ephezulu yegesi i-narcotic, iyacaphukisa

Isicelo:

Itoluene ithathwa kwitela yamalahle kunye ne-aspetroleum. Iyenzeka kwipetroli nakwizinyibilikisi ezininzi zepetroleum. I-toluene isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-trinitrotoluene (TNT), i-toluene diisocyanate, kunye ne-benzene; njengesithako sedayi, iziyobisi, kunye nezicoci; nanjengento enyibilikayo kwimizi-mveliso yeerubha, iipeyinti, iicoating, neeoyile.

I-Toluene inezicelo ezininzi kwishishini lemichiza kunye nepetroleum, malunga neetoni ezizigidi ezi-6 ezisetyenziswa minyaka le e-United States kunye ne-16 yezigidi zeetoni ezisetyenziswa kwihlabathi jikelele. Olona setyenziso luphambili lwetoluene lufana ne-octane booster kwipetroli. I-Toluene inomlinganiselo we-octane ka-114. I-toluene yenye yezinto ezine eziphambili eziqholiweyo, kunye ne-benzene, i-xylene, ne-ethylbenzene, eziveliswa ngexesha lokusulungekiswa ukunyusa ukusebenza kwepetroli. Ngokudibeneyo, ezi zixhobo zine zifinyeziwe njenge-BTEX. I-BTEX licandelo eliphambili lepetroli, lenza malunga ne-18% ngobunzima bomxube oqhelekileyo. Nangona umlinganiselo wearomatics wahlukile ukuvelisa imixube eyahlukeneyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zejografi nezexesha lonyaka, itoluene yenye yezinto eziphambili. Ipetroli eqhelekileyo iqulethe malunga ne-5% yetoluene ngokobunzima.
I-Toluene yeyona nto iphambili yokutya esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo zendalo. Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-disocyanates. I-Isocyanates iqulethe iqela elisebenzayo ?N = C = O, kwaye i-disocyanates iqulethe ezimbini kwezi. Iidiisocyanates ezimbini eziphambili ziyi-toluene 2,4-disocyanate kunye netoluene 2,6-disocyanate. Ukuveliswa kwee-disocyanates eMntla Melika kusondele kwiibhiliyoni zeebhiliyoni ngonyaka. Ngaphezulu kwe-90% yemveliso ye-toluene diisocyanate isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-polyurethanes foams. Ezokugqibela zisetyenziswa njengokuzalisa okuguquguqukayo kwifanitshala, indawo yokulala, kunye ne-cushions.Kwifomu engqongqo isetyenziselwa ukugquma, iileyile zeqokobhe eliqinileyo, izinto zokwakha, iinxalenye ze-auto, amavili e-androller skate.

Ukwenziwa kwe-benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, iziqhushumbisi, idayi, kunye nezinye iiCompounds ezininzi eziphilayo; njenge-solvent yepeyinti, i-lacquers, i-gums, i-resin; obhityileyo kwii-inki, iziqholo, iidayi; ekutsalweni kwemigaqo eyahlukeneyo kwizityalo; njengedizayini yepetroli.