Umgaqo wokusebenza wekholamu ye-distillation ngokweenkcukacha
Njengesixhobo esiqhelekileyo kunye nesibalulekileyo kushishino lweekhemikhali, iikholamu ze-distillation zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-petroleum, iikhemikhali, amayeza kunye nezinye iindawo. Ukuqonda umgaqo-siseko wokusebenza kweekholamu zedistillation kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nokwandisa inkqubo. Kule nqaku, siya kuhlalutya umgaqo wokusebenza kweekholamu ze-distillation ngokweenkcukacha, kwaye sigxininise indima yayo ekuhlukaneni kwemixube.
Ingqiqo esisiseko yeekholamu ze-distillation
Ikholamu ye-distillation sisixhobo esisebenzisa amandla e-thermal ukwahlula umxube wolwelo. Umgaqo wayo wokusebenza usekelwe kumahluko kumanqaku abilayo amacandelo kumxube, kwaye amacandelo ahlukeneyo ahlulwe ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye akhutshwe ngokwahlukileyo ngokunyuka amaninzi kunye ne-condensation. Le nkqubo ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka iphindwe kwinqaba ukuphucula ubunyulu bemveliso.
Ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lwekholamu ye-distillation
Ukuze uqonde kakuhle umgaqo wokusebenza wekholamu ye-distillation, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi. Iikholamu ze-distillation zibandakanya ubukhulu becala ngumzimba wenqaba, idiskhi yenqaba okanye ukupakisha, i-reboiler, i-condenser kunye nezinye iindawo. Umzimba wenqaba usisiseko sekholamu ye-distillation, i-disc ye-distill okanye ukupakisha iyona nxalenye ephambili yoqhagamshelwano lwe-gas-liquid, i-reboiler inoxanduva lokufudumeza ulwelo, kwaye i-condenser isetyenziselwa ukupholisa igesi. Ukulungelelaniswa kwezi nxalenye kwenza ukuba inkqubo yokucoca i-distillation ihambe kakuhle.
Umgaqo wokusebenza weentsika ze-distillation
Umgaqo osebenzayo wekholamu ye-distillation unokushwankathelwa ngokufutshane ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okushisa ukukhupha kunye nokudibanisa umxube wamanzi kwikholomu, ukwahlula ngokuthe ngcembe amacandelo. Ngokukodwa, umxube uqala ukufudumala kwi-reboiler, umphunga ukhuphuka kwi-tower plate okanye ukupakisha, kunye nolwelo oluwayo lokutshintshwa kobushushu. Ngenxa yamanqaku ahlukeneyo okubilisa amacandelo ahlukeneyo, iinxalenye zeqondo lokubilisa eliphezulu kunokwenzeka ukuba zijiye kwaye ziwe nolwelo, ngelixa iinxalenye zamanqaku okubila aphantsi ziqhubeka nokunyuka. Ngokusebenzisa ukuqhuma okuqhubekayo kunye nenkqubo yokudibanisa, amacandelo kumxube ahlukana ngokuthe ngcembe.
Iiparamitha eziphambili ekusebenzeni kwekholamu ye-distillation
Nangona umgaqo wokusebenza wekholamu ye-distillation ulula, ekusebenzeni, kukho inani leeparamitha eziphambili ezichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhlukana. Ezi ziquka uxinzelelo, ukuhanjiswa kweqondo lokushisa, umlinganiselo we-reflux kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwediski. Uxinzelelo kunye nokushisa kwikholomu kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukunyuka kwe-evaporation kunye nokuziphatha kwe-condensation yamacandelo, ngelixa i-reflux ratio inquma inani lezinto ezijikelezayo kwikholamu. Imilinganiselo ephezulu ye-reflux idla ngokuthetha ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlula, kodwa ikwanyusa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Uyilo kunye nokucwangciswa kwediski yekholomu okanye ukupakishwa kwakhona kuchaphazela ukufaneleka koqhagamshelwano lwe-gas-liquid kwaye ngaloo ndlela umphumo wokuhlukana.
Iikholamu zedistillation kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo
Umgaqo wokusebenza weentsika ze-distillation usetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuzo zonke iintlobo zemveliso yeekhemikhali. Ngokomzekelo, ekusulungeni i-petroleum, iikholamu zokuhluza zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula ii-hydrocarbons ezikhanyayo kunye nezikhulu kwioli ekrwada. Kwishishini lamachiza, iikholomu ze-distillation zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula kunye nokucoca izithako ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Nokuba yeyiphi na intsimi, ukuqonda ukuba zisebenza njani iikholamu ze-distillation sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuphucula inkqubo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso.
Isishwankathelo
Umgaqo wokusebenza wekholamu ye-distillation isekelwe kumahluko kumanqaku abilayo amacandelo omxube we-liquid, ahlulwe ngokunyuka kwe-evaporation kunye ne-condensation. Iiparamitha zoyilo kunye nokusebenza kwekholamu ye-distillation inempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwisiphumo sokuhlukana kwaye ngoko kufuneka iphuculwe ngokweemfuno zenkqubo ethile kwizicelo eziphathekayo. Ukuba nobuchule kumgaqo wokusebenza wenqaba yokukhutshwa kwedistillation kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yemichiza.
Ngokusungulwa kweli phepha, ndiyakholelwa ukuba umfundi unokuqonda okunzulu ngakumbi komgaqo wokusebenza wekholamu ye-distillation. Kwixesha elizayo lokuziqhelanisa nemichiza, ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lunokukunika isikhokelo esiluncedo.