Lithini ixabiso lamva nje le-indium? Uhlalutyo lweNtengiso yeNtengiso
I-Indium, isinyithi esinqabileyo, siye satsala ingqalelo kuluhlu lwayo olubanzi lwezicelo kwiindawo eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-semiconductors, i-photovoltaics kunye neziboniso. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuthambekela kwexabiso le-indium kuye kwachatshazelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nemfuno yentengiso, ukuguquguquka kwekhonkco lokubonelela, kunye notshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo. Kule nqaku, siya kuhlalutya umba othi "yiyiphi intengo yamva nje ye-indium" kwaye sixoxe ngezinto ezichaphazela ixabiso lemarike ye-indium kunye nekamva layo.
1. Yintoni ixabiso langoku le-indium?
Ukuphendula umbuzo othi "Yintoni intengo yamva nje ye-indium?", Sidinga ukwazi amaxabiso e-indium kwiimarike ezahlukeneyo. Ngokwedatha yakutshanje, ixabiso le-indium liphakathi kwe-US $ 700 kunye ne-US $ 800 ngekhilogram. Eli xabiso liyaguquguquka kwaye lichatshazelwa zizinto ezininzi. Amaxabiso e-Indium aqhele ukuhluka ngokucoceka kunye nemfuno, umzekelo, i-indium ephezulu yokucoceka (i-4N okanye i-5N ukucoceka) ibiza kakhulu kuneemveliso eziphantsi zokucoceka.
2. Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela amaxabiso e-Indium
Ixabiso le-indium lichatshazelwa zezi zinto zilandelayo:
Ukubonelela kunye nemfuno: Umthombo oyintloko wokubonelela nge-indium yimveliso ye-zinc smelting, ngoko ke ukuguquguquka kwimarike ye-zinc kuya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuveliswa kwe-indium kunye nokubonelela. Eyona mfuno iphambili ye-indium ivela kwishishini le-elektroniki, ngakumbi i-flat panel display, i-solar cell kunye ne-semiconductor industry. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwala mashishini, imfuno ye-indium inyukile, eye yanyusa ixabiso le-indium.

Ukungaguquguquki kwekhonkco lonikezelo lwehlabathi: Ukuphazamiseka kwikhonkco lonikezelo lwehlabathi, njengeengxaki zolungiselelo ngenxa ye-geopolitics, utshintsho kumgaqo-nkqubo worhwebo okanye ubhubhane, lunokuba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kumaxabiso e-indium. Umzekelo, ngexesha lendyikityha yezifo, iindleko zothutho zonyuka kwaye unikezelo lwempahla ekrwada lwaluthintelwe, okukhokelela ekuguquguqukeni okukhulu kwamaxabiso e-indium.

Utshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemimiselo: Utshintsho kwimigodi yamazwe kwimithombo yezimbiwa, iimfuno zokusingqongileyo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe nako kunokuba nefuthe ekuboneleleni nge-idium. Umzekelo, njengowona mvelisi mkhulu we-idium wehlabathi, uhlengahlengiso kwimigaqo-nkqubo yasekhaya yaseTshayina yokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kunokuchaphazela imveliso ye-idium, nto leyo inokuchaphazela amaxabiso kwimarike yehlabathi.

3. Uqikelelo lweentsingiselo zexabiso elizayo kwi-indium
Ukuthathela ingqalelo unikezelo kunye nemfuno eguquguqukayo ye-indium kunye nokusingqongileyo kwemarike, sinokuqikelela ukuba ixabiso le-indium linokuthi linyukele phezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile kwixesha elizayo. Ngokukhula kwemfuno yehlabathi yamandla avuselelekayo kunye nezixhobo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, imfuno ye-indium njengeyona nto iphambili ekrwada kula mashishini kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokukhula. Ngokuthintelwa koku kunqabile kwe-indium kunye nemiqobo yemveliso, icala lonikezelo alikwazi ukunyamezela kwaye ngoko ke amaxabiso emarike anokuthanda ukunyuka.
Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, ngakumbi kubuchwephesha bokurisayikilisha, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukuxinana kunikezelo lwe-indidium kuya kuthotywa ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile. Kule meko, ixabiso le-indium linokuthi lihle. Ngokubanzi, nangona kunjalo, amaxabiso e-indium aya kuqhubeka echatshazelwa kukungaqiniseki okunjengokutshintsha komgaqo-nkqubo, uxinzelelo lwendalo kunye nemfuno evela kubuchwepheshe obusakhulayo.
4. Ndingalufumana njani ulwazi lwamva nje lwexabiso le-indium?
Kwabo bafuna ukwazi ukuba "yintoni ixabiso lamva nje le-indium" ngexesha langempela, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulandele amaqonga olwazi lwentengiso yentsimbi egunyazisiweyo, njengeShanghai Non-Ferrous Metals (SMM), iMetal Bulletin kunye neLondon Metal Exchange (LME). Ezi qonga zihlala zibonelela ngeengcaphuno zemarike zamva nje, idatha ye-inventri kunye neengxelo zohlalutyo. Ukujonga rhoqo iingxelo zeshishini ezifanelekileyo kunye neendaba kukwanceda ukubamba ngcono iintshukumo zemarike kunye nentsingiselo yamaxabiso.
5. Ukushwankathela
Ukushwankathela, akukho mpendulo ezinzileyo kumbuzo othi "yintoni ixabiso lamva nje le-indium?" njengoko ixabiso liguquguquka ngenxa yezinto ezininzi ezifana nokubonelela ngeemarike kunye nemfuno, ikhonkco lokubonelela ngehlabathi, imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemimiselo. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kuya kukunceda uqikelele ngcono iintsingiselo zexabiso le-indidium kwaye wazise izigqibo zakho zotyalo-mali. Imbonakalo yemarike ye-indium ihlala igcwele ukungaqiniseki kunye namathuba njengoko itekhnoloji ikhula kunye nokutshintsha kwemfuno yentengiso.
Ngokuhlalutya oku ngasentla, sinokuba nokuqonda okucacileyo kwezizathu zokuguquguquka kwexabiso le-indium kunye neendlela zayo ezizayo, okuyixabiso elibalulekileyo lokubhekisela kubasebenzi kunye nabatyalo-mali kumashishini anxulumeneyo.