Indima yegibberellins: iihomoni eziphambili zokukhula kwezityalo
IiGibberellins (Gibberellins) ludidi lweehomoni zezityalo ezenzeka ngokwendalo ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni izityalo. Ukufunyanwa kwe-gibberellins kubuyele kwi-1930s, kwaye emva kweminyaka yophando, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwezolimo, i-horticulture kunye ne-biology yezityalo. Yintoni kanye indima gibberellins? Kweli nqaku, siza kungena kwiinkalo ezininzi zendima ye-gibberellin.
Ikhuthaza ukwandiswa kweeSeli zeZityalo kunye noKwahlula
Enye yeempembelelo eziphawulekayo ze-gibberellins kukuba zikhuthaza ukunyuswa kunye nokwahlula kweeseli zezityalo. Esi senzo sibalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni izityalo. Ngokuchaphazela ukuthamba kwendonga yeeseli kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-membrane yeseli, i-gibberellin ikhawuleza ukwanda kweeseli, okubangelwa ukunyusa ngokukhawuleza kwezityalo, amaqabunga kunye neengcambu. I-Gibberellins iphinda ikhuthaze ukwahlukana kweeseli, ezivumela izityalo ukuba zonyuse i-biomass yazo ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokukhula, zibonisa inzuzo ebalulekileyo yokukhula.
Ukuqaliswa kokuntshula kwembewu kunye nokukhululwa kwe-dormancy
I-Gibberellins nayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlumeni kwembewu. Xa imbewu ithatha amanzi kwaye iqala ukuhluma, i-gibberellins iyasebenza kwaye iqala ukuqokelela kwintsholongwane. Le hormone ikhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-amylase, enceda imbewu ukuba iphule isitashi esigciniweyo kwaye siyiguqule ibe amandla okukhula kwezityalo. Indima yegibberellins ibaluleke kakhulu kwimbewu ethile ekufuneka ikhululwe kwi-dormancy ukuze intshule, njengoko iphula i-dormancy kwaye iqalise inkqubo yokuntshula, ngoko inyusa izinga lokuntshula kwembewu yezityalo.
Ukulawulwa kweentyatyambo kunye nophuhliso lweziqhamo
I-Gibberellins nayo inempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni kweentyatyambo kunye neziqhamo. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezithile ze-photoperiodic, i-gibberellins inokukhuthaza ukuhlukana kwehlumela, kubangela ukuba izityalo zidubule kwangaphambili okanye ngokuqhelekileyo. Oku kubalulekile kwimveliso yezolimo, ingakumbi kulawulo lwezityalo eziziinkozo. I-Gibberellin nayo idlala indima ekukhuthazeni ukukhula nokuphuhliswa kweziqhamo. Ayinyusi kuphela ubukhulu besiqhamo, kodwa iphucula ukumila kunye nenkangeleko yesiqhamo, isenza sixabiseke njengempahla yorhwebo.
Ukuphucula ukuxhathisa kwezityalo
Ukongeza ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kunye nophuhliso, i-gibberellin inokunyusa ukuchasana kwezityalo kwiimeko ezimbi zokusingqongileyo. Xa izityalo ziphantsi koxinzelelo olunzima njengesomiso, usawoti kunye nobushushu obuphantsi, i-gibberellin inokuphucula ukuchasana ngokulawula iindlela ze-metabolic zezityalo. Ngokukodwa, i-gibberellin inokuphucula amandla esityalo ukufunxa nokugcina amanzi ngokulawula umxholo wezinto ze-osmoregulatory kumzimba wesityalo, unceda isityalo ukuba sigcine ukukhula okuqhelekileyo phantsi kobunzima.
Isicelo kwezolimo kunye nezityalo
Ngenxa yeziphumo zayo ezimangalisayo zolawulo lwe-physiological, i-gibberellin isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezolimo zanamhlanje kunye ne-horticulture. Ngokomzekelo, kwimveliso yerayisi, i-gibberellins isetyenziselwa ukunyusa izinga lokukhula kwezithole ukuze kuqinisekiswe inzuzo yokuqala ekutyalweni kwentsimi. Kwi-viticulture, iigibberellins zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha iziqhamo ukukhuthaza ukwanda kweziqhamo kunye nokuphucula isivuno kunye nomgangatho. I-Gibberellin ikwasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukwandisa ixesha leentyantyambo zezityalo ezithile zokuhombisa ukwenza iintyatyambo zikhuphisane ngakumbi kwimarike.
Isishwankathelo
Indima ye-gibberellins ininzi kwaye ibanzi, ukusuka ekukhuthazeni ukwanda kweeseli zesityalo kunye nokuntshula kwembewu ukuya kulawulo lweentyatyambo kunye nophuhliso lweziqhamo, i-gibberellins idlala indima ephambili kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula nophuhliso lwezityalo. Ngokuqonda okunzulu kwendlela yokusebenza kwe-gibberellins, abavelisi bezolimo banokusebenzisa kangcono le phytohormone ukukhulisa ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yezolimo. Ngoko ke, ukuqonda kunye nokulawula indima ye-gibberellins kubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwezolimo zanamhlanje kunye ne-horticulture.