I-MMA, eyaziwa ngokupheleleyo njenge-methyl methacrylate, yimathiriyeli ekrwada ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwe-polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), eyaziwa ngokuba yi-acrylic. Ngophuhliso lohlengahlengiso loshishino lwe-PMMA, uphuhliso lwekhonkco loshishino lwe-MMA luhlehliselwe ngasemva. Ngokophando, kukho iinkqubo ezintathu zokuvelisa eziqhelekileyo ze-MMA, eziyindlela ye-acetone cyanohydrin (indlela ye-ACH), indlela ye-ethylene carbonylation kunye ne-isobutylene oxidation method (i-C4 indlela). Okwangoku, indlela ye-ACH kunye nendlela ye-C4 isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini emveliso yaseTshayina, kwaye akukho yunithi yokuvelisa imveliso ye-ethylene carbonylation method.

Uphononongo lwethu lwekhonkco lexabiso le-MMA luhlalutya ezi nkqubo zintathu zemveliso zingasentla kunye neyona ndlela isezantsi yexabiso le-PMMA halo ngokulandelelanayo.

Isazobe soku-1 Itshati equkuqelayo yekhonkco leshishini le-MMA elineenkqubo ezahlukeneyo (Umthombo wefoto: Ishishini leMichiza)

Ikhonkco loshishino I: ACH indlela yeMMA yekhonkco lexabiso
Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ye-ACH indlela ye-MMA, izinto eziphambili ze-acetone kunye ne-hydrocyanic acid, apho i-hydrocyanic acid iveliswa yimveliso ye-acrylonitrile, kunye ne-methanol encedisayo, ngoko ke ishishini ngokuqhelekileyo lisebenzisa i-acetone, i-acrylonitrile kunye ne-methanol njengeendleko zokubala. ukwakheka kwemathiriyeli ekrwada. Phakathi kwabo, iitoni ze-0.69 ze-acetone kunye ne-0,32 yeetoni ze-acrylonitrile kunye ne-0.35 yeetoni ze-methanol zibalwa njengeyunithi yokusetyenziswa. Ekubunjweni kweendleko ze-ACH indlela ye-MMA, i-acetone i-akhawunti yeendleko zeyona nto inkulu, ilandelwa yi-hydrocyanic acid eveliswa yimveliso ye-acrylonitrile, kunye neengxelo ze-methanol zeyona nto incinci.

Ngokovavanyo lokulungelelanisa ixabiso le-acetone, i-methanol kunye ne-acrylonitrile kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, kufunyenwe ukuba ukulungelelaniswa kwe-ACH indlela ye-MMA kunye ne-acetone ijikeleze i-19%, kunye ne-methanol ijikeleze i-57% kwaye ngokwe-acrylonitrile ijikeleze i-18%. Ingabonwa ukuba kukho umsantsa phakathi koku kunye nesabelo seendleko kwi-MMA, apho isabelo esiphezulu se-acetone kwiindleko ze-MMA asinakubonakaliswa ekuguquguqukeni kwexabiso lokuguquguquka kwexabiso le-ACH indlela ye-MMA, ngelixa ukuguquguquka kwexabiso. ye-methanol inempembelelo enkulu kwixabiso le-MMA kune-acetone.

Nangona kunjalo, isabelo seendleko ze-methanol kuphela malunga ne-7%, kwaye isabelo seendleko ze-acetone malunga ne-26%. Kuphononongo lwekhonkco lexabiso le-MMA, kubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga utshintsho lweendleko ze-acetone.

Ngokubanzi, ikhonkco lexabiso le-ACH MMA livela ikakhulu kwiindleko ze-acetone kunye ne-methanol, phakathi kwayo i-acetone inempembelelo enkulu kwixabiso le-MMA.

Ikhonkco leshishini II: C4 indlela yeMMA yekhonkco lexabiso

Kwikhonkco lexabiso le-C4 indlela ye-MMA, izinto zayo eziluhlaza ziyi-isobutylene kunye ne-methanol, phakathi kwayo i-isobutylene yimveliso ye-isobutylene ephezulu, evela kwimveliso yokuqhekeka kwe-MTBE. Kwaye i-methanol yimveliso ye-methanol yezoshishino, evela kwimveliso yamalahle.

Ngokutsho kokwakhiwa kweendleko zeC4 MMA, iindleko eziguquguqukayo zokusetyenziswa kweyunithi ye-isobutene yi-0.82 kunye ne-methanol yi-0.35. Ngenkqubela phambili yomntu wonke kwiteknoloji yokuvelisa, ukusetyenziswa kweyunithi kuye kwancitshiswa kwi-0.8 kwishishini, eliye lanciphisa iindleko zeC4 MMA kwinqanaba elithile. Ezinye ziindleko ezimiselweyo, ezifana neendleko zamanzi, umbane negesi, iindleko zemali, iindleko zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kunye nezinye.

Kule nto, isabelo se-isobutylene ephezulu kwixabiso le-MMA malunga ne-58%, kwaye isabelo se-methanol kwiindleko ze-MMA malunga ne-6%. Ingabonwa ukuba i-isobutene yindleko enkulu eguquguqukayo kwi-C4 MMA, apho ukuguquguquka kwexabiso le-isobutene kunempembelelo enkulu kwiindleko zeC4 MMA.

Impembelelo yekhonkco lexabiso lokucoceka okuphezulu kwe-isobutene ilandelwa emva kokuguquguquka kwexabiso le-MTBE, edla i-1.57 yokusetyenziswa kweyunithi kwaye yenza ngaphezu kwe-80% yeendleko zokucoceka okuphezulu kwe-isobutene. Iindleko zeMTBE zivela kwi-methanol kunye ne-pre-ether C4, apho ukubunjwa kwe-ether yangaphambili ye-C4 kunokudibaniswa ne-feedstock yekhonkco lexabiso.

Ukongezelela, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukucoceka okuphezulu kwe-isobutene kunokuveliswa nge-tert-butanol dehydration, kwaye amanye amashishini aya kusebenzisa i-tert-butanol njengesiseko sokubala kweendleko ze-MMA, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweyunithi ye-tert-butanol yi-1.52. Ngokwezibalo ze-tert-butanol 6200 yuan/ton, i-tert-butanol yenza malunga ne-70% yeendleko ze-MMA, ezinkulu kune-isobutene.

Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba ixabiso lexabiso le-tert-butanol lisetyenzisiweyo, ukuguquguquka kwexabiso le-C4 indlela ye-MMA, ubunzima bempembelelo ye-tert-butanol bukhulu kune-isobutene.

Ukushwankathela, kwi-C4 MMA, ubunzima bempembelelo yokuguquguquka kwexabiso bubekwe ukusuka phezulu ukuya phantsi: i-tert-butanol, isobutene, i-MTBE, i-methanol, i-oyile ekrwada.

Ikhonkco leshishini III: Itsheyini yexabiso ye-ethylene carbonylation MMA

Akukho mveliso yemveliso ye-MMA nge-ethylene carbonylation e-China, ngoko ke impembelelo yokuguquguquka kwexabiso ayinakuchazwa yimveliso yangempela yemizi-mveliso. Nangona kunjalo, ngokweyunithi yokusetyenziswa kwe-ethylene kwi-ethylene carbonylation, i-ethylene yimpembelelo yeendleko eziphambili kwi-MMA yeendleko zokubunjwa kwale nkqubo, engaphezu kwama-85%.

 
Ikhonkco leshishini IV: Ikhonkco lexabiso le-PMMA

I-PMMA, njengeyona mveliso isezantsi ye-MMA, yenza ngaphezu kwe-70% yokusetyenziswa konyaka kwe-MMA.

Ngokokwakheka kwetsheyini lexabiso le-PMMA, apho ukusetyenziswa kweyunithi yokusetyenziswa kwe-MMA yi-0.93, i-MMA ibalwa ngokwe-13,400 yuan/ton kunye ne-PMMA ibalwa ngokwe-15,800 yuan/toni, iindleko eziguquguqukayo ze-MMA kwi-akhawunti ye-PMMA malunga 79%, eyipesenti ephezulu noko.

Ngamanye amazwi, ukuhla kwexabiso le-MMA kunempembelelo enamandla ekutshintsheni kwexabiso le-PMMA, eyimpembelelo enamandla yonxulumano. Ngokuhambelana nokuguquguquka kwexabiso phakathi kwezi zibini kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, ukulungelelaniswa phakathi kwezi zibini kungaphezulu kwe-82%, eyempembelelo yokulungelelaniswa okuqinileyo. Ke ngoko, ukuguquguquka kwexabiso le-MMA kuya kubangela ukuguquguquka kwexabiso le-PMMA kwicala elinye kunye nokunokwenzeka okuphezulu.