Uxinaniso lweToluene: IiPropati zeMzimba eziPhambili kunye noHlahlelo lweSicelo
Ubuninzi be-toluene yiparameter yomzimba ebaluleke kakhulu kwishishini lemichiza, elibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-toluene, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino kunye nokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo. Kweli phepha, inkcazo yobuninzi be-toluene, izinto ezichaphazela indlela yokulinganisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwishishini kuya kuxutyushwa ngokubanzi.

Inkcazo kunye neempawu ezisisiseko ze-toluene density
I-Toluene (C₆H₅CH₃) lulwelo olungenambala, olunokutsha lwehydrocarbon enuka kamnandi, olusetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yemichiza. Ubuninzi betoluene budla ngokulinganiswa kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi kunye noxinzelelo kwaye ubhekisa kubunzima beyunithi nganye. Ngokukodwa, i-toluene inoxinano olumalunga ne-0.866 g/cm³ kuma-20°C (68°F). Oku kuxinana kwenza i-toluene ibe khaphukhaphu kunamanzi kwaye inganyibiliki emanzini, kodwa inyibilika kakuhle kwizinto ezininzi eziphilayo.

Izinto ezichaphazela ukuxinana kwetoluene
Ubuninzi be-toluene buchaphazeleka bubushushu kunye noxinzelelo. Njengoko iqondo lokushisa linyuka, umgama phakathi kwee-molecule ze-toluene uyanda, okubangelwa ukuhla kobuninzi. Umzekelo, ubuninzi betoluene buya kuncipha njengoko ubushushu bunyuka ukusuka kwi-20 ° C ukuya kuma-50 ° C. Utshintsho kuxinzelelo lunempembelelo encinci kubuninzi be-liquid, kodwa kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu, ukuxinana kunokunyusa kancinci. Ukucoceka kwetoluene nako kuchaphazela ukuxinana kwayo, kwaye itoluene equlethe ukungcola inokuba noxinaniso olwahlukileyo kunetoluene esulungekileyo.

Umlinganiselo woXinano lweToluene
Ubuninzi be-toluene budla ngokulinganiswa kusetyenziswa indlela yebhotile yomxhuzulane okhethekileyo, indlela yokudada, okanye indlela ye-digital densitometer. Indlela yebhotile yomxhuzulane ethile isebenzisa ibhotile yomthamo owaziwayo ukulinganisa ubunzima bolwelo ukubala ukuxinana. Indlela yokudada edadayo ixhomekeke kumgaqo wolungelelwaniso lwe-buoyant lokudada kulwelo ukumisela ingxinano. I-digital densitometer sisixhobo sanamhlanje esikwaziyo ukubala ngokuchanekileyo ingxinano ngokulinganisa ubuninzi be-oscillation yolwelo. Nganye yale ndlela ineenzuzo zayo kunye nokungonakali, kwaye ukhetho luxhomekeke ekuchanekeni kunye nokulula kokusebenza okufunekayo kwisicelo esithile.

Uxinaniso lweToluene kuShishino
Ukwazi ubuninzi be-toluene kubalulekile kwimveliso yeekhemikhali, ukugcinwa kunye nokuthutha. Idatha yoxinaniso lunokunceda iinjineli zenze ii-reactors ezisebenza ngakumbi, izixhobo zokwahlula kunye neetanki zokugcina. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-solvent extraction, i-distillation kunye neenkqubo zokuxuba, ukuxinana kuyipharamitha ebalulekileyo ekubaleni ibhalansi yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokudlulisa ubuninzi. Ukuzimisela ngokuchanekileyo kobuninzi be-toluene kubalulekile ekuphuhliseni iindlela zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo, njengoko ubuninzi buchaphazela ukuguquguquka kunye neempawu zokutsha zolwelo.

Ukushwankathela
Ubuninzi be-toluene luphawu olubalulekileyo lokubonisa iimpawu zalo eziphathekayo kwaye lunempembelelo enkulu ekusebenziseni i-toluene kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali. Ngokuqonda kunye nokulinganisa ubuninzi be-toluene, iingcali zeshishini lemichiza zinokuyila ngcono kunye nokwandisa iinkqubo zoshishino ukwandisa imveliso ngelixa ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo. Ke ngoko, ulwazi loxinaniso lwetoluene lubalulekile kubasebenzi beshishini lemichiza.