Yintoni iNkqubo yeCumene?
Inkqubo yeCumene yenye yeendlela eziphambili zemveliso yemveliso yephenol(C₆H₅OH). Le nkqubo isebenzisa i-cumene njengento eluhlaza ukuvelisa i-phenol ngokusebenzisa i-hydroxylation phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ngenxa yetekhnoloji evuthiweyo, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wemveliso, inkqubo ye-cumene yokuvelisa i-phenol isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lemichiza.
Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya umgaqo kunye namanyathelo emveliso ye-phenol ngenkqubo ye-cumene ngokweenkcukacha, inceda abafundi baqonde ngokucacileyo le teknoloji yokuvelisa imichiza ebalulekileyo.
Umgaqo-siseko wokusabela weNkqubo yeCumene
I-reaction engundoqo kwimveliso ye-phenol yinkqubo ye-cumene yi-hydroxylation ye-cumene. Umgaqo osisiseko kukuba iqela le-methyl kwi-molecule ye-cumene ithathelwa indawo liqela le-hydroxyl phantsi kweemeko ze-acidic ukwenza i-phenol.
Ngokukodwa, i-cumene (C₆H₅CH(CH₃)₂) iphendula kunye ne-sulfuric acid egxininisiweyo (H₂SO₄) phantsi kokufudumeza ukuvelisa i-p-isopropylphenol (C₆H₅C(OH)H (CH₃)₂) kunye nenani elincinci le-sulfate nge-sulfate. Emva koko, i-p-isopropylphenol iguqulelwa kwi-phenol (C₆H₅OH) ngokuphendula kwe-hydrolysis. Ii-equations zekhemikhali zizonke zereaction zezi zilandelayo:
C₆H₅CH(CH₃)₂ + H₂SO₄ → C₆H₅C(OH)H(CH₃)₂ + HSO₄⁻
C₆H₅C(OH)H(CH₃)₂ + 3H₂O → 2C₆H₅OH + CH₄
Inokubonwa kwiimpendulo ezingentla ukuba isitshixo kwinkqubo ye-cumene ilele kwi-hydroxylation reaction phantsi kweemeko ze-acidic kunye ne-hydrolysis elandelayo. I-asidi ye-sulfuric idlala indima ebalulekileyo njenge-catalyst kuyo yonke inkqubo.
Amanyathelo eNkqubo yeNkqubo yeCumene
Inkqubo ethile yokuhamba kwemveliso ye-phenol yinkqubo ye-cumene inokwahlulwa ibe ngamanyathelo alandelayo alandelayo:
1. ULungiselelo lweMathiriyeli ekrwada kunye noKuqulunqwa
Isinyathelo sokuqala kwimveliso ye-phenol yinkqubo ye-cumene kukulungiswa kunye nokuqulunqwa kwezinto eziluhlaza. I-Cumene, eyona nto ingundoqo kule nkqubo, kufuneka ihlanjululwe kuqala nge-distillation ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubunyulu bayo bufikelela ngaphezu kwe-99%. I-asidi ye-sulfuric egxininisiweyo (ngokuqhelekileyo kunye ne-concentration ye-98%) isetyenziswe njenge-catalyst, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphenduleni. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuphendula, inani elincinci lamanzi liyongezwa kwi-cumene ukukhuthaza ukusasazeka kwe-asidi ye-sulfuric kunye nenkqubela phambili yokusabela.
2. I-Hydroxylation Reaction
Kwinqanaba le-hydroxylation reaction, i-cumene kunye ne-asidi yesulfuric egxininisiweyo ixutywe kwi-reactor kwaye ifudunyezwe kwi-100-130 ° C. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ze-acidic, iqela le-methyl kwi-cumene molecule lihamba nge-hydroxylation ukwenza i-p-isopropylphenol kunye ne-sulfate by-products. Le reaction is an exothermic reaction, kunye ne-reaction yeqondo lobushushu kunye nesantya esishukumisayo kufuneka ilawulwe ukuqinisekisa ukufana kunye nokuzinza kwempendulo.
3. Hydrolysis Reaction
Emva kokuba i-hydroxylation reaction igqityiwe, imveliso idinga ukufumana i-hydrolysis reaction, injongo yayo kukuguqula i-p-isopropylphenol ibe yi-phenol. Ngeli xesha, umthamo omkhulu wamanzi wongezwa kumxube wokuphendula, ukuze i-p-isopropylphenol ifumane impendulo ye-hydrolysis ngamanzi ukuvelisa i-phenol kunye negesi ye-methane.
4. Ukungathathi hlangothi kunye nokwahlula
Emva kokuba impendulo ye-hydrolysis igqityiwe, isixa esikhulu se-asidi ye-sulfuric kunye ne-sulfate by-products ikhona kwinkqubo. Ukunciphisa ezi zinto ze-acidic, izinto ze-alkaline (ezifana ne-sodium hydroxide okanye i-calcium hydroxide) zongezwa kwi-reaction neutralization, ukuvelisa i-sulfates e-soluble kunye namanzi. Emva koko, i-phenol yahlulwe kwiimveliso ngokuhlukana kwe-stratification okanye iteknoloji ye-distillation.
5. Ukusulungekiswa nokusulungekiswa
Ukungcola kwi-phenol ekrwada kususwa ngeenkqubo zokucoca ezifana ne-distillation ukufumana iimveliso ze-phenol ezicocekileyo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokucocwa, iimeko zokusabela nazo kufuneka zilawulwe ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho kunye nokucoceka kwe-phenol kuyahlangabezana nemigangatho yoshishino.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezicelo zeNkqubo yeCumene
Inkqubo ye-cumene yokuvelisa i-phenol ineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zilandelayo:
Iimeko zokusabela kancinci:Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli zokuvelisa i-phenol, inkqubo ye-cumene ineemeko zokusabela ezithambileyo kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa ekhuselekileyo.
Imithombo yobutyebi ekrwada eninzi:I-Cumene inokufumaneka kwiimveliso eziphuma kwiimveliso zokucoca, okukhokelela kwiindleko eziphantsi zezinto eziluhlaza.
Ukucoceka kwemveliso ephezulu:Ngolawulo lwenkqubo echanekileyo, ukucoceka kunye nomgangatho we-phenol unokufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu.
Okwangoku, i-phenol eveliswe yinkqubo ye-cumene isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yeemveliso ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali ezinjenge-phenolic resins, i-epoxy resins, kunye ne-nylon, kunye nemfuno yentengiso eqhubekayo.
Isishwankathelo
Inkqubo ye-cumene yemveliso ye-phenol yinkqubo yokuvelisa esebenzayo kunye neyoqoqosho, kunye neyona nto ingundoqo ibe yi-hydroxylation ye-cumene kunye nempendulo ye-hydrolysis elandelayo. Ngamanyathelo afana nokulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukusabela kwe-hydroxylation, ukusabela kwe-hydrolysis, unyango lwe-neutralization, kunye nokucocwa kunye nokucocwa, iimveliso ze-phenol ezicocekileyo zinokufumaneka ekugqibeleni.
Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwemfuno yehlabathi yeemveliso zemichiza, iteknoloji yemveliso ye-phenol yinkqubo ye-cumene iya kuqhubeka iphuculwa, inikezela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwamashishini anxulumeneyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-23-2025
