Izinto ezichaphazela indawo yokubilisa ye-tetrahydrofuran kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo
I-Tetrahydrofuran (THF) yinto esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-solvent ye-organic kumashishini ekhemikhali ene-solvency ephezulu kunye ne-toxicity ephantsi, kwaye ngoko isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiinkalo zamachiza, iikhemikhali kunye nesayensi yezinto. Kweli phepha, siza kuxubusha nzulu iimpawu ezisisiseko kwindawo yokubilisa ye-tetrahydrofuran, izinto ezichaphazelayo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwizicelo eziphathekayo.
I. Iimpawu ezisisiseko ze-tetrahydrofuran kunye nendawo yokubilisa
I-Tetrahydrofuran (THF) yi-ether ye-cyclic ene-chemical formula C4H8O. Njengesinyibilikisi esisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, i-tetrahydrofuran ilulwelo olungenambala noluselubala kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi kwaye inokuguquguquka okuphezulu. I-Tetrahydrofuran inendawo yokubilisa malunga ne-66 ° C (malunga ne-339 K), eyenza kube lula ukuphuphuma kunye nokubuyisela kwiinkqubo ezininzi zeekhemikhali. Iqondo lokubilisa eliphantsi leTetrahydrofuran likwathetha ukuba inokususwa kwindlela yokusabela ngokukhawuleza, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokuphendula okulandelayo.
Izinto ezichaphazela indawo yokubilisa ye-tetrahydrofuran
Nangona indawo yokubilisa ye-tetrahydrofuran inexabiso elimiselweyo kwiincwadi zeekhemikhali, ekusebenzeni indawo yokubilisa ye-tetrahydrofuran inokuchaphazeleka kwizinto ezininzi:
Impembelelo yoxinzelelo lwe-ambient: Indawo yokubila ye-tetrahydrofuran iyahluka ngoxinzelelo lwe-ambient. Kuxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-atmospheric, indawo yokubilisa ye-tetrahydrofuran yi-66°C. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye oluphantsi, indawo yokubilisa iya kutshintsha ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokubanzi, okukhona uxinzelelo luphezulu, kokukhona inyuka iqondo lokubila le-tetrahydrofuran; ngokuchaseneyo, kwi-vacuum, indawo yokubilisa iya kuncipha.

Impembelelo yococeko: Ukungcola kwi-tetrahydrofuran kuya kuba nefuthe kwindawo yokubilisa. Ukuba isisombululo se-tetrahydrofuran siqulethe umthamo ophezulu wamanzi okanye ezinye izinto ezingcolileyo ze-solvent, indawo yayo yokubilisa ingahluka kwi-tetrahydrofuran ecocekileyo. Ngokukodwa, ubukho bokufuma, obunyibilika kancinci emanzini, bunokwenza i-azeotrope ene-THF, ekhokelela kutshintsho oluncinci kwindawo yokubilisa.

I-azeotropic phenomena: Ngokwesiqhelo, i-tetrahydrofuran ihlala ixutywa nezinye izinyibilikisi ukwenza imixube ye-azeotropic. Amanqaku abilayo emixube enjalo aqhele ukuhluka kulawo amacandelo kwaye i-azeotropy idibanisa inkqubo yokwahlula. Ngoko ke, xa ukhetha i-tetrahydrofuran njenge-solvent, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuziphatha kwayo kwe-azeotropic kunye nezinye iikhompawundi.

III. Ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwendawo yokubilisa ye-tetrahydrofuran kwishishini
Iipropathi zeendawo zokubilisa ze-tetrahydrofuran zinezicelo ezibalulekileyo kwimveliso yeekhemikhali:
Ukubuyiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezinyibilikisi: Ekubeni i-tetrahydrofuran ineqondo eliphantsi lokubilisa, kulula ukufunyanwa kumxube wokusabela ngokuxutywa kwe-distillation okanye ezinye iindlela zokwahlula. Le propati ayincedi kuphela ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso, kodwa inciphisa impembelelo kwindalo.

Izicelo kwi-polymerisation: Kwezinye ii-polymerisation reactions, i-tetrahydrofuran inendawo yokubilisa ephakathi, evumela ukuba ilawule ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu bokusabela kwaye iqinisekise ukuba ukusabela kuqhubeka kakuhle. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kunokususwa ngokukhawuleza ekupheleni kokusabela, ukuthintela iziphumo ezibi ekuhlambulukeni kwemveliso.

Isicelo kwi-synthesis yeziyobisi: I-Tetrahydrofuran idla ngokusetyenziswa njenge-solvent kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kweziyobisi, indawo yokubilisa yayo iphakathi, ehambelana nokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo kweemeko zokuphendula. Iimpawu ze-Tetrahydrofuran ezikhawulezayo zokukhupha umphunga zenza ukuba zisebenze kakhulu kwi-post-reaction isolation kunye neenkqubo zokucoca.

Ukuqukumbela
Indawo yokubilisa ye-tetrahydrofuran yenye yeempawu zayo eziphambili kwizicelo zoshishino. Ukuqonda indawo yokubilisa ye-tetrahydrofuran kunye neempembelelo zayo kunokunceda iinkampani zeekhemikhali ukuba zilawule ngcono iimeko zokusabela kwimveliso yangempela kunye nokuphucula umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweemveliso. Ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kweempawu zayo ezisezantsi zokubilisa kunganceda ukufezekisa ukusetyenzwa kwakhona okusebenzayo kwemithombo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lokusingqongileyo. Xa ukhetha kwaye usebenzisa i-tetrahydrofuran njenge-solvent, ukuqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo kweempawu zayo zokubilisa kunye neempembelelo ezichaphazelayo zingundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zemichiza.