I-Dimethyl carbonate yinto ebalulekileyo ye-organic compound esetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lemichiza, iyeza, i-electronics kunye nezinye iindawo. Eli nqaku liza kwazisa inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nendlela yokulungiselela i-dimethyl carbonate.

I-1, Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-dimethyl carbonate

Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-dimethyl carbonate inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: indlela yeekhemikhali kunye nendlela yomzimba.

1) Indlela yekhemikhali

I-chemical synthesis reaction equation ye-dimethyl carbonate yile: CH3OH+CO2 → CH3OCO2CH3

I-Methanol yimathiriyeli ekrwada ye-dimethyl carbonate, kunye negesi ye-carbonate yi-reactant. Inkqubo yokusabela ifuna i-catalyst.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-catalysts, kuquka i-sodium hydroxide, i-calcium oxide, i-copper oxide, kunye ne-carbonate. I-Carbonate ester ineempembelelo ezilungileyo kakhulu, kodwa ukukhethwa kwe-catalyst kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo izinto ezifana neendleko kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-dimethyl carbonate ikakhulu ibandakanya amanyathelo afana nokuhlanjululwa kwe-methanol, i-oxidation ye-oksijini, ukusabela kokufudumala, ukwahlukana / ukuchithwa kwe-distillation, njl. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphendula, ukulawulwa okungqongqo kweeparameters ezifana nobushushu, uxinzelelo kunye nexesha lokuphendula lifunekayo ukuphucula isivuno kunye ubunyulu.

2）Indlela ebonakalayo

Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zomzimba zokuvelisa i-dimethyl carbonate: indlela yokufunxa kunye nendlela yokucinezela.

Indlela yokufunxa isebenzisa i-methanol njenge-absorbent kwaye isabela kunye ne-CO2 kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi ukuvelisa i-dimethyl carbonate. I-absorbent ingaphinda isetyenziswe, kwaye i-carbon dioxide eveliswa yi-reaction ingaphinda isetyenziswe, kodwa izinga lokuphendula licotha kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu.

Umthetho woxinzelelo usebenzisa iipropathi ezibonakalayo ze-CO2 ukuze udibane ne-methanol phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, ngaloo ndlela ufezekise ukulungiswa kwe-dimethyl carbonate. Le ndlela inesantya sokusabela ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ifuna izixhobo zokucinezela amandla aphezulu kwaye iyabiza.

Ezi ndlela zimbini zingentla zineenzuzo zabo kunye nokungonakali, kwaye zinokukhethwa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zesicelo kunye nezinto zoqoqosho.

2. Indlela yokulungiselela i-dimethyl carbonate

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungisa i-dimethyl carbonate, kwaye ezi zilandelayo zimbini iindlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo:

1) Indlela yeMethanol

Le yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukulungiselela i-dimethyl carbonate. Amanyathelo okusebenza athile ngala alandelayo:

(1) Yongeza i-methanol kunye ne-potassium carbonate / i-sodium carbonate, kunye nobushushu kwiqondo lokushisa lokuphendula ngelixa uvuselela;

(2) Kancinci ukongeza i-CO2, qhubeka uvuselela, kwaye upholise emva kokuba impendulo igqityiwe;

(3) Sebenzisa i-funnel yokwahlula ukwahlula umxube kwaye ufumane i-dimethyl carbonate.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukushisa, uxinzelelo, ixesha lokuphendula, kunye nohlobo kunye nobungakanani be-catalyst kufuneka ilawulwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokusabela ukuphucula isivuno kunye nokucoceka.

2) Indlela yokukhupha ioksijini

Ukongeza kwindlela ye-methanol, indlela ye-oxygen oxidation isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukulungiselela i-dimethyl carbonate. Le ndlela ilula ukusebenza kwaye inokufikelela kwimveliso eqhubekayo.

Amanyathelo okusebenza athile ngala alandelayo:

(1) Yongeza i-methanol kunye ne-catalyst, ubushushu kwiqondo lokushisa lokuphendula ngelixa uvuselela;

(2) Yongeza igesi yeoksijini kwinkqubo yokusabela kwaye uqhubeke uvuselela;

(3) Ukwahlula, distill, kwaye uhlambulule umxube wokusabela ukuze ufumane i-dimethyl carbonate.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba indlela ye-oxygen oxidation idinga ukulawula iiparitha ezifana nezinga lokubonelela kunye nobushushu bokusabela kwegesi ye-oksijeni, kunye nomlinganiselo wamacandelo okuphendula, ukuphucula isivuno kunye nokucoceka.

Ngokusungulwa kweli nqaku, sinokufunda malunga nenkqubo yokuvelisa kunye neendlela zokulungiselela i-dimethyl carbonate. Ukusuka kwisakhiwo semolekyuli ukuya kwinkcazo ecacileyo yenkqubo yokusabela kunye nendlela yokuvelisa, sinikezele ngenkqubo yolwazi ebanzi nechanekileyo. Ndiyathemba ukuba eli nqaku linokukhuthaza ukufunda kunye nophando lwabafundi kweli candelo.