Izinto eziphambili zezinto ezibonakalayo ze-polyether, ezifana ne-propylene oxide, i-styrene, i-acrylonitrile kunye ne-ethylene oxide, i-derivatives ephantsi kwe-petrochemicals, kwaye amaxabiso abo achaphazelekayo yi-macroeconomic kunye neemeko zokubonelela kunye nemfuno kunye nokuguquguquka rhoqo, okwenza kube nzima ukulawula iindleko kwi. ishishini lepolyether. Nangona ixabiso lepropylene oxide kulindeleke ukuba lehle ngo-2022 ngenxa yokuxinana komthamo omtsha wemveliso, uxinzelelo lolawulo lweendleko oluvela kwezinye izinto ezinkulu eziluhlaza zisekhona.

Imodeli yoshishino ekhethekileyo yoshishino lwepolyether

Iindleko zeemveliso zepolyether ikakhulu zenziwe ngezinto ezithe ngqo ezifana nepropylene oxide, i-styrene, i-acrylonitrile, i-ethylene oxide, njl. inxalenye ethile yesikali semveliso, ngoko ke ulwazi lwemarike yonikezelo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada luphezulu ngakumbi. Ezantsi kweshishini, iimveliso ze-polyether zineendawo ezininzi zesicelo, kwaye abathengi babonisa iimpawu zomthamo omkhulu, ukusabalalisa kunye nemfuno ehlukeneyo, ngoko ke imboni ithatha imodeli yeshishini "lokuveliswa ngokuthengisa".

Inqanaba leTekhnoloji kunye neempawu zobugcisa beshishini le-polyether

Okwangoku, umgangatho wesizwe onconywayo weshishini le-polyether yi-GB/T12008.1-7, kodwa umenzi ngamnye uphumeza umgangatho weshishini lakhe. Amashishini ahlukeneyo avelisa uhlobo olufanayo lweemveliso ngenxa yokungafani kokuqulunqwa, iteknoloji, izixhobo eziphambili, iindlela zenkqubo, ukulawula umgangatho, njl., Kukho ukungafani okuthile kumgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuzinza komsebenzi.

Nangona kunjalo, amanye amashishini kushishino aye afumana itekhnoloji engundoqo engundoqo ngokusebenzisa i-R&D ezimeleyo yexesha elide kunye nokuqokelela itekhnoloji, kwaye ukusebenza kwezinye zeemveliso zabo kuye kwafikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu leemveliso ezifanayo phesheya.

Ipateni yokhuphiswano kunye nokuthengiswa koshishino lwepolyether

(1) Ipateni yokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuthengiswa koshishino lwepolyether

Ngexesha le-13 leminyaka yeSicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu, amandla okuvelisa i-polyether yehlabathi jikelele akhula ngokubanzi, kwaye ugxininiso oluphambili lokwandiswa kwamandla emveliso luse-Asia, phakathi kwayo i-China inokwandiswa komthamo okhawulezayo kwaye iyimveliso ebalulekileyo yehlabathi kunye nelizwe lokuthengisa. yepolyether. I-China, i-United States kunye ne-Europe ngabona bathengi baphambili be-polyether kwihlabathi kunye nabavelisi abakhulu be-polyether kwihlabathi. Ngokombono wamashishini emveliso, okwangoku, iiyunithi zemveliso ye-polyether yehlabathi zikhulu kwaye zigxininise kwimveliso, ngokukodwa kwizandla zeenkampani ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-BASF, i-Costco, i-Dow Chemical kunye ne-Shell.

(2) Ipateni yokhuphiswano kunye nokuthengisa ishishini lepolyether yasekhaya

Ushishino lwaseTshayina lwepolyurethane lwaqala ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1950s nasekuqaleni koo-1960, kwaye ukusuka kwiminyaka yoo-1960 ukuya ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, ishishini le-polyurethane lalikwinqanaba lokusakhula, lineetoni eziyi-100,000 kuphela/ngonyaka womthamo wemveliso yepolyether ngo-1995. Ukusukela ngo-2000, kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo. yoshishino lwasekhaya lwe-polyurethane, inani elikhulu lezityalo ze-polyether ziye zakhiwa ngokutsha kwaye izityalo polyether ziye zandiswa e China, kunye nomthamo imveliso iye ikhula ngokuqhubekayo, kunye neshishini polyether iye yaba ishishini imichiza ngokukhawuleza-ukuphuhlisa e China. Ishishini lepolyether libe lishishini elikhula ngokukhawuleza kwishishini lemichiza laseTshayina.

Umkhwa wenqanaba lenzuzo kwishishini le-polyether

Inqanaba lenzuzo yeshishini le-polyether limiselwa ikakhulu ngumxholo wobugcisa beemveliso kunye nexabiso elongeziweyo lezicelo ezisezantsi, kwaye likwaphenjelelwa kukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ezinto ezikrwada kunye nezinye izinto.

Ngaphakathi kwishishini le-polyether, inqanaba lenzuzo yamashishini liyahluka kakhulu ngenxa yokungafani kwesikali, indleko, iteknoloji, isakhiwo semveliso kunye nolawulo. Amashishini anesakhono esinamandla seR&D, umgangatho olungileyo wemveliso kunye nemisebenzi emikhulu idla ngokuba negunya eliqinileyo leengxoxo kunye namanqanaba engeniso ephezulu ngenxa yokukwazi ukuvelisa umgangatho ophezulu kunye neemveliso eziphezulu zokongezwa kwexabiso. Ngokuchasene noko, kukho umkhwa wokukhuphisana kwe-homogeneous yeemveliso ze-polyether, inqanaba layo lenzuzo liya kuhlala lisezantsi, okanye liyancipha.

Ukongamela ngamandla ukhuseleko lwendalo esingqongileyo kunye nokwalusa ukhuseleko luya kulawula umyalelo woshishino

I-"14 ye-Five-Five Plan" ibeka ngokucacileyo ukuba "ukukhutshwa okupheleleyo kwezinto ezinkulu ezingcolisa umoya kuya kuqhubeka kuncitshiswa, imeko-bume ye-ikholoji iya kuqhubeka iphucuka, kwaye umqobo wokhuseleko lwe-ikholoji uya komelela ngakumbi". Imigangatho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo iya kwandisa utyalo-mali lweshishini lokusingqongileyo, inyanzelise iinkampani ukuba zihlaziye iinkqubo zemveliso, zomeleze iinkqubo zokuvelisa uhlaza kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ngokutsha ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nokunciphisa "inkunkuma emithathu" eveliswayo, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso kunye neemveliso ezongeziweyo zexabiso. Ngelo xesha, ishishini liya kuqhubeka nokuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu ngasemva, umthamo ophezulu wokuvelisa ungcoliseko, iinkqubo zemveliso kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa, ukwenza indawo ecocekileyo.

Kwangaxeshanye, ishishini liya kuqhubeka nokuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu ngasemva, amandla okuvelisa ungcoliseko oluphezulu, iinkqubo zemveliso kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa, ukuze amashishini anenkqubo yokuvelisa ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo ecocekileyo kunye nokukhokela amandla e-R & D agqame, kwaye akhuthaze ukudityaniswa kwamashishini okukhawulezileyo. , ukuze amashishini kwicala lophuhliso olunzulu, kwaye ekugqibeleni akhuthaze uphuhliso olunempilo lweshishini lemichiza.

Izithintelo ezisixhenxe kwishishini le-polyether

(1) Izithintelo zobugcisa kunye nezobuchwepheshe

Njengoko imimandla yokusetyenziswa kweemveliso ze-polyether iqhubeka nokwandisa, iimfuno zamashishini asezantsi kwi-polyether nazo zibonisa ngokuthe ngcembe iimpawu zobugcisa, ukuhlukahluka kunye nobuntu. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokusabela kweekhemikhali, uyilo loyilo, ukhetho lwe-catalyst, iteknoloji yenkqubo kunye nokulawulwa komgangatho we-polyether zonke zibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ziye zaba zizinto eziphambili kumashishini ukuba athathe inxaxheba kukhuphiswano lwemarike. Ngeemfuno ezingqongqo zelizwe malunga nokonga amandla kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ishishini liya kuphuhlisa kwicala lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ikhabhoni ephantsi kunye nexabiso eliphezulu elongeziweyo kwixesha elizayo. Ke ngoko, ukuqonda itekhnoloji ephambili ngumqobo obalulekileyo wokungena kweli shishini.

(2) Umqobo weetalente

Ubume bemichiza ye-polyether bulungile kangangokuba utshintsho oluncinci kwikhonkco layo leemolekyuli luya kubangela utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwemveliso, ngaloo ndlela ukuchaneka kobugcisa bokuvelisa kuneemfuno ezingqongqo, ezifuna umgangatho ophezulu wophuhliso lwemveliso, uphuhliso lwenkqubo kunye neetalente zolawulo lwemveliso. Ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso ye-polyether yomelele, efuna kungekuphela nje ukuphuhliswa kweemveliso ezikhethekileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kunye nokukwazi ukulungelelanisa uyilo lwesakhiwo nangaliphi na ixesha kunye neemveliso zoshishino ezisezantsi kunye neetalente zenkonzo emva kokuthengisa.

Ke ngoko, eli shishini lineemfuno eziphezulu zeetalente zobuchwephesha kunye nezobuchwephesha, ekufuneka babenesiseko esiluqilima sethiyori, kunye namava atyebileyo e-R&D kunye nokukwazi ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Okwangoku, iingcali zasekhaya ezinemvelaphi eqinileyo yethiyori kunye namava atyebileyo asebenzayo kushishino zisanqongophele. Ngokwesiqhelo, amashishini kushishino aya kudibanisa ukwaziswa okuqhubekayo kweetalente kunye noqeqesho olulandelayo, kunye nokuphucula ukukhuphisana kwabo okungundoqo ngokuseka indlela yetalente efanelekileyo kwiimpawu zabo. Kwabaqalayo abatsha kwishishini, ukunqongophala kweetalente zobungcali kuya kwenza umqobo ekungeneni.

(3) Umqobo wokuthengwa kwezinto ezikrwada

Ipropylene oxide yimathiriyeli ekrwada ebalulekileyo kushishino lweekhemikhali kwaye iyikhemikhali eyingozi, ngoko ke amashishini okuthenga kufuneka abe nesiqinisekiso sokuvelisa ukhuseleko. Ngeli xesha, ababoneleli basekhaya bepropylene oxide ikakhulu ziinkampani zekhemikhali ezinkulu ezifana neSinopec Group, iJishen Chemical Industry Company Limited, iShandong Jinling, iWudi Xinyue Chemical Company Limited, iBinhua, iWanhua Chemical kunye neJinling Huntsman. Amashishini akhankanywe ngasentla akhetha ukusebenzisana namashishini anepropylene oxide ezinzileyo yokusetyenziswa kwamandla xa ukhetha abathengi abasezantsi, ukwenza ubudlelwane obuxhomekeke kubasebenzisi babo abasezantsi kunye nokugxila kwixesha elide kunye nokuzinza kwentsebenziswano. Xa abangenisi abatsha kwishishini bengenawo amandla okusebenzisa ipropylene oxide ngokuzinzileyo, kunzima kubo ukuba bafumane unikezelo oluzinzileyo lwezinto ezikrwada ezivela kubavelisi.

(4) Umqobo wenkunzi

Umqobo wenkunzi yeli shishini ubonakaliswa ikakhulu kwimiba emithathu: okokuqala, utyalo-mali oluyimfuneko lwezixhobo zobugcisa, okwesibini, umlinganiselo wemveliso ofunekayo ukuze kuphunyezwe uqoqosho lwesikali, kwaye okwesithathu, utyalo-mali kukhuseleko kunye nezixhobo zokhuselo lokusingqongileyo. Ngesantya sokutshintshwa kwemveliso, imigangatho yomgangatho, imfuno eyenzelwe umntu ezantsi komsinga kunye nokhuseleko oluphezulu kunye nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo, utyalo-mali kunye neendleko zokusebenza zamashishini ziyenyuka. Kwabaqalayo ukungena kweli shishini, kufuneka bafikelele kwinqanaba elithile lezoqoqosho ukuze bakhuphisane namashishini asele ekhona ngokwezixhobo, iteknoloji, iindleko kunye neetalente, ngaloo ndlela zenza umqobo wemali kolu shishino.

(5) Isithintelo seNkqubo yoLawulo

Izicelo ezisezantsi zeshishini le-polyether zibanzi kwaye zihlakazekile, kwaye inkqubo yemveliso entsonkothileyo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zeemfuno zabathengi zineemfuno eziphezulu kubuchule bokusebenza kwenkqubo yababoneleli. Iinkonzo zababoneleli, kubandakanywa i-R & D, izixhobo zovavanyo, imveliso, ulawulo lwe-inventory kunye nokuthengiswa emva kokuthengisa, zonke zifuna inkqubo yokulawula umgangatho othembekileyo kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso efanelekileyo. Le nkqubo yolawulo ingentla ifuna umfuniselo wexesha elide kunye nesixa esikhulu sotyalo-mali oluyinkunzi, olwenza umqobo omkhulu ekungeneni kwabavelisi bepolyether abancinci nabaphakathi.

(6) Ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nezithintelo zokhuseleko

Amashishini ekhemikhali aseChina ukuphumeza inkqubo yokuvunywa, ukuvulwa kwamashishini ekhemikhali kufuneka ahlangabezane neemeko ezimiselweyo kwaye avunywe ngemvume ngaphambi kokuzibandakanya kwimveliso kunye nokusebenza. Izinto eziphambili zemveliso yenkampani, ezifana nepropylene oxide, ziyimichiza eyingozi, kwaye amashishini angena kule ntsimi kufuneka ahambe ngeendlela ezinzima kunye nezingqongqo ezinjengophononongo lweprojekthi, ukuphononongwa koyilo, ukuphononongwa kwemveliso yovavanyo kunye nokwamkelwa okupheleleyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni afumane okufanelekileyo. ilayisensi phambi kokuba bavelise ngokusemthethweni.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunye nophuhliso lwentlalo kunye noqoqosho, iimfuno zesizwe zokuvelisa ukhuseleko, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-emission kuya phezulu nangaphezulu, inani lamancinci amancinci, amashishini e-polyether angenayo ingeniso akayi kukwazi ukufikelela. ukunyuka kweendleko zokhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokurhoxiswa ngokuthe ngcembe. Utyalo-mali lokhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo luye lwaba ngomnye wemiqobo ebalulekileyo yokungena kwishishini.

(7) Umqobo weBrand

Ukuveliswa kweemveliso ze-polyurethane ngokubanzi kuthatha inkqubo yokubumba ixesha elinye, kwaye xa i-polyether njengezinto eziluhlaza ineengxaki, iya kubangela iingxaki ezinzulu zomgangatho kuyo yonke ibhetshi yeemveliso ze-polyurethane. Ngoko ke, umgangatho ozinzileyo weemveliso ze-polyether zihlala ziphambili kubasebenzisi. Ngokukodwa kubathengi abakwishishini leemoto, banemigaqo yophicotho engqongqo yovavanyo lwemveliso, uviwo, isatifikethi kunye nokukhethwa, kwaye kufuneka bahambe ngeebhetshi ezincinci, iibhetshi ezininzi kunye novavanyo olude kunye nezilingo. Ke ngoko, ukwenziwa kophawu kunye nokuqokelelwa kwezibonelelo zabathengi kufuna ixesha elide kunye nesixa esikhulu sotyalo-mali olubanzi lwezibonelelo, kwaye kunzima kubangeneli abatsha ukukhuphisana namashishini okuqala kwintengiso kunye neminye imiba kwixesha elifutshane, ngaloo ndlela besenza i umqobo uphawu olomeleleyo.