I-Vinyl Acetate (god), ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-vinyl acetate okanye i-vinyl acetate, lulwelo olubonakalayo kubushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo, kunye nefomula yemolekyu2 ye-C4H6.9. Goduka, njengeyona nto isetyenziswayo kwezona zinto zibalulekileyo zezinto eziphilayo ezomeleleyo kwihlabathi, zinokuvelisa i-Polyvinyl acetate (PVAC), i-POLYVINYL yotywala (i-POLYVINYL) nge-polling (i-PANYCYCYL (PAN) nge-POOLOSERS. Ezi zinto zikhutshwayo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwakhiweni, oomatshini, oomatshini, amayeza, kunye nomhlaba. Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lomzi-mveliso we-terminal kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuveliswa kwe-vinyl acetate kubonakalise ukuba unyaka wonyaka onyukayo we-vinyl acetate ufikelela kwi-1970. Okwangoku, ngenxa yempembelelo yezinto eziluhlaza Iinkqubo, iindlela zemveliso zeVinyl Acetate ikakhulu zibandakanya indlela ye-Acetylene kunye ne-Ethylene.
I-1, inkqubo ye-acetylene
Ngo-1912, F. KALAKTE, i-Canada, i-Canada, yafumanisa i-vinyl esebenzisa i-acetylene kunye ne-acetic acid isusela kwi-60 ukuya kwi-100 ℃, kwaye isebenzisa i-mutalys njengeetyiwa. Ngo-1921, inkampani yaseJamani ye-Gai yaseJamani yaphuhlisa itekhnoloji yenqanaba le-vapor ye-vinyl ye-vinyl ye-acetate evela kwi-acetylene kunye ne-acetic acid. Ukususela ngoko, abaphandi abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo baye baqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo inkqubo kunye neemeko ze-synthesis ye-vinyl acetate evela kwi-acetyne. Ngo-1928, inkampani yaseJamani yaseka i-12 kt / i-vinyl ye-vinyl ye-vinyl ye-vinyl ye-vinyl ye-vinyl ye-vinyl ye-vinyl acetate. I-equation yokuvelisa i-vinyl i-vinyl yendlela ye-acetylene yile ilandelayo:
Impendulo ephambili:

Imiphumela:

Indlela ye-acetylene yahlulwe yaba yinkqubo yesigaba senkqubo ye-bole kunye nenqanaba legesi.
Isigaba senqanaba le-reseral sendlela ye-Acetylene ye-acetylene yolwelo lulwelo, kwaye i-reactor yitanki yokuphendula ngesixhobo esishukumisayo. Ngenxa yeentsilelo zendlela yesigaba solwelo onjengokukhetha amanzi, kwaye uninzi lweemveliso, le ndlela ithathelwe indawo yi-Acetylene yeSigaba seGaltylene yegesi okwangoku.
Ngokwemithombo eyahlukeneyo ye-Acetylene yegesi, indlela yeSigaba seGraylene yegesi inokwahlulwa ibe yindlela ye-Acetylene ye-Acetylene ye-Acetylene ye-Acetylene kunye ne-carbide acetylene wacker.
Inkqubo ye-boden isebenzisa i-acetic acid njenge-adsorblent, ephucula kakhulu inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwe-acetylene. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela yenkqubo inzima kwaye ifuna iindleko eziphezulu, ke le ndlela ithatha inzuzo kwiindawo ezinesityebi kwimithombo yegesi yendalo.
Inkqubo ye-wacker isebenzisa i-acetylene kunye ne-acetic acid iveliswe kwi-calcim ye-calcim njengeyona nto isebenzayo i-carbon kunye ne-winchest ye-carbon kunye ne-winc i-biest kunye neqondo lokuphendula le-170 ~0 ℃. The process technology is relatively simple and has low production costs, but there are shortcomings such as easy loss of catalyst active components, poor stability, high energy consumption, and large pollution.
Inkqubo ye-2, ye-Ethylene
I-Ethylene, ioksijini, kunye ne-Glacial Acetic Acid zizixhobo ezintathu eziluhlaza ezisetyenziswa kwi-Ethylene Synthesis yenkqubo ye-vinyl. Eyona nto iphambili kwi-Catalyst yindawo yesibhozo yentsimbi yentsimbi, ephendulwa kubushushu obuthile bokuhlala kunye noxinzelelo. Emva kokusebenza emva, imveliso ekujoliswe kuyo iVinya ye-vinyl ifunyenwe ekugqibeleni. Indlela yokuphendula imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Impendulo ephambili:

Imiphumela:

Inkqubo yenqanaba le-Ethylene Vapor yaphuhliswa iqumrhu lokuqala kwaye lafakwa kwimveliso yezamashishini ukuba ivelise i-vinyl acetate ngo-1968. I-Palladium okanye igolide ilayishwe kwi-Acid Acid i-Acid Acid, njenge-Asia Gel Beads ene-4-5mm ye-4-5mm, kunye nokongezwa komsebenzi kunye nokukhetha i-chatatally. Inkqubo ye-synthesis ye-vinyl acetate isebenzisa iSigaba se-Ethylene Vapor iSigaba se-Usi yindlela efanayo, kwaye yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: isandiso kunye nokuhamba. Inkqubo ye-US ifumene isicelo sezoMveliso ngo-1969. Izinto ezisebenzayo ze-catalyst ikakhulu i-Palladium kunye neplatinam, kwaye iarhente yoncedisayo i-potassium ye-Alumna. Iimeko zokuphendula zinobulali kwaye eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwinkonzo ende, kodwa isivuno sexeshana siphantsi. Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela ye-acetynene, indlela yeSigaba se-Ethylene Vapor iphucule kakhulu kubuchwephesha, kwaye ii-cataines ezisetyenziswa kwindlela ye-ithylene iqhubekile emsebenzini nasekukhethwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ii-fatics zasabela kwi-kinetics kunye ne-windows yexeshana asafuna ukuphononongwa.
Ukuveliswa kwe-vinyl acetate usebenzisa indlela ye-e-e-ithyylene isebenzisa i-tublar ye-tublar ye-tublar egcwele i-sutalyst. Irhasi yokutya ingena kwi-reactor ukusuka phezulu, kwaye xa inxibelelana nebhedi enkulu, ukuphendula okuthandekayo kuyenzeka ukuba ivelise imveliso ekujoliswe kuyo i-vinyl ye-vingl ye-carbon diokstate dioxide. Ngenxa yobume bendlela yokuphendula, amanzi acinezelweyo aziswa kwicala leqokobhe lokususa ubushushu bokuphendula ngokusebenzisa i-vaporsess yamanzi.
Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela ye-acetynene, indlela ye-ithyylene ineempawu zobume be-compact, iziphumo ezinkulu, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi, kunye nongcoliseko olusezantsi, kunye neendleko zalo zemveliso ziphantsi kunendlela ye-acetylene. Umgangatho wemveliso ungaphezulu, kwaye imeko ye-corrosion ayinabunzima. Ke ngoko, indlela ye-ethylene ngokuthe ngcembe yayiyithathela indawo ye-Acetynene emva kweminyaka yo-1970. Ngokweenkcukacha-mali ezingaphelelanga, malunga ne-70% ye-god eveliswe yindlela ye-Ethyylene ehlabathini iye yeyona ndlela iphambili kwiindlela zokuveliswa kwemveliso.
Okwangoku, eyona tekhnoloji yemveliso ephucukileyo yehlabathi yinkqubo ye-BP ye-BP kunye nenkqubo yenkanyamba kaCelanese. Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yerhasi yerhasi yemveli yesiqhelo, ezi nkqubo zimbini zetekhnoloji ziye zaphucule kakhulu i-reactor kunye neyona nto iphambili kwiZiko, ukuphucula uqoqosho kunye nokhuseleko lweyunithisebenzi.
UCelanese uphulukene nenkqubo entsha yebhedi yebhedi yokujongana neengxaki zokusasazwa kwebhedi engalinganiyo kunye ne-Ethylene ephantsi enye kwi-Coactors ehleliweyo. I-Reactor esetyenzisiweyo kule nkqubo isesibhede esimiselweyo, kodwa ukuphuculwa okubonakalayo kwenziwe kwinkqubo yekati, kunye ne-Ethylene Retures kwigesi yomsila, ukoyisa iintsilelo zeebhedi ezisisigxina. Isivuno semveliso vinyl ye-vinyl iphakamile kakhulu kunaleyo yezixhobo ezifanayo. Inkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu isebenzisa iPlatinam njengeyona nto iphambili, i-Silica Gel njengomphathi we-Catalyst, i-sodium i-catasidengs efana ne-rasedymude imizuzu ye-rasedymia kunye ne-neodimium. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-catalysts yemveli, ukukhetha, umsebenzi, kunye nesivuno sexesha le-spaysicysts.
I-BP Amoco iye yaqulunqa inkqubo yenqanaba le-Ethylene yeGolane, ebizwa ngokuba yiNkqubo yeNkqubo ye-LAP, kwaye yakha i-250 kt / iyunithi yebhedi ye-250 ye-fluid / i-fluid en hull, eNgilani. Ukusebenzisa le nkqubo ukuvelisa i-vinyl acetate kungancitshisela iindleko zemveliso nge-30%, kunye nexesha lokuvelisa i-Catalyst (1858-2744 g / (i-LAH-1)) iphakame kakhulu kunelo yenkqubo yebhedi emiselweyo (700 -1200 g / (i-LAH-1)).
Inkqubo ye-goapprosess isebenzisa i-reactor yebhedi etyiwayo okokuqala, enezibonelelo ezilandelayo ezithelekiswa nendawo yokulala emiselweyo:
1) Kwindawo yokulala ye-fluid, i-Catalyst iqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo kwaye ixutywe ngokufanayo, ngaloo ndlela igalelo kwi-promorion yokukhuthaza nokuqinisekisa ukugxininiswa kwe-proctor.
2) Ingubo yebhedi ye-fluid efakwe ngokuqhubekayo iphinda ithathe indawo engasebenziyo ngenkuthalo phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza.
3) Ubushushu bebhedi yokulala ye-fluid kusoloko buhlala, ukunciphisa i-cataraightst yenzekile ngenxa yokuthathakala kwendawo, ngaloo ndlela kwadlulisa ubomi benkonzo.
I-4) Indlela yokukhupha ubushushu esetyenziswe kwi-reactore yebhedi ye-fluid efakelweyo yenze lula ubume be-rector kwaye inciphise ivolumu yayo. Ngamanye amagama, uyilo lwe-reccoctor olunye lungasetyenziselwa ukufakelwa okukhulu kweekhemikhali, ukuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kweso sixhobo.