Imeko yehlabathi itshintsha ngokukhawuleza, echaphazela isakhiwo sendawo yekhemikhali esakhiwe kule nkulungwane idlulileyo. Njengoyena mntu mkhulu umthengi wehlabathi, i-China ngokuthe ngcembe yenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo wenguquko yemichiza. Ishishini lemichiza laseYurophu liyaqhubeka nokukhula kwishishini lokuphela kwemichiza. Umzi-mveliso waseNyakatho waseMntla Medicanyity uxhapha i "Anti Globand" yoRhwebo lweChemicaminyi. Umzi-mveliso wekhemikhali kwi-Middle East naseMpuma Yurophu ngokuthe ngcembe ukwandisa i-chain yomsebenzi, ukuphucula amandla okusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingafunekiyo kunye nokhuphiswano lwehlabathi. Umzi-mveliso wekhemikhali kwihlabathi jikelele usebenzise izibonelelo zalo eziluncedo lokukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwayo, kwaye ipateni yecandelo lemichiza lehlabathi linokutshintsha kakhulu kwixesha elizayo.
Imeko yophuhliso yemveliso yemichiza yehlabathi ishwankathelwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Inqaku elithi "I-Colon" I-Carbon "inokutshintsha imeko yobuchule yamashishini amaninzi e-petrochemical
Amazwe amaninzi ehlabathi abhengeze ukuba "i-carbon ephindwe kabini" i-China iya kufikelela kwi-2030 kwaye ibe kukungathathi cala kwi-2060. Nangona imeko yangoku "isemgangathweni wehlabathi ukujongana nokufudumala kwemozulu.
Njengeshishini leshishini lePetrochemical le-Petrochemical Akhawunti enkulu yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, ngumzi-mveliso ekufuneka enze uhlengahlengiso olukhulu phantsi kwendlela ye-carbon. Uhlengahlengiso olucwangcisiweyo lwamashishini epetrochemical kwimpendulo kwi-parbon ye-carbon ye-Darbon ibisoloko ijolise kwishishini.
Phantsi kwendlela yesibini ye-carbon, isikhokelo sohlengahlengiso esisicwangciso se-European kunye ne-Ilamente yaseMelika ye-oyile yezizwe ngezizwe ngokusisiseko. Phakathi kwabo, i-oyile yaseMelika iya kugxila kuphuhliso lwekhabhoni kunye ne-carbon exubusheni itekhnoloji enxulumene ne-bigofass amandla. I-European kunye nezinye iimbambo zeoyile zamanye amazwe ziye zatshintshela ingqalelo yazo kumandla ahlaziyiweyo, umbane ococekileyo kunye nezinye iindlela.
Kwixa elizayo, phantsi kolwalamano olupheleleyo lwe-qwedyuli "yekharbon", ishishini leekhemikhali zehlabathi lisenokuzitshintsha iinguqu ezinkulu. Ezinye iimbambo zeoyile zamanye amazwe zinokuphuma kubaboneleli beenkonzo zeoyile abangooyile kubaboneleli beenkonzo zamandla amatsha, ukutshintsha indawo yentsebenzo yenkulungwane edlulileyo.
Amashishini amachiza ekhemizi lehlabathi aya kuqhubeka ukukhawulezisa uhlengahlengiso lwesakhiwo
Ngokuphuhliswa kweshishini lehlabathi, ukuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso kunye nokuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa kweziswe yimakethi yesiphelo sendawo yokuphelisa intengiso yokuphelisa imakethi ephezulu kunye nomjikelo omtsha wohlengahlengiso kunye nokuphuculwa kwendawo yophuhliso yemichiza yehlabathi.
Ukhokelo lokuphucula ubume bemveliso yehlabathi, kwisandla esinye, kukuphuculwa kwamandla e-biomass namandla amatsha; Kwelinye icala, izixhobo ezintsha, izinto ezisebenzayo, iikhemikhali ze-elektroniki, izixhobo zefilimu, i-catalyss entsha yezi zinto zehlabathi zehlabathi ziya kugxila kwizinto ezitsha zehlabathi ziya kugxila kwizixhobo ezitsha zehlabathi, iiSayensi zoBomi kunye neeSayensi zeNdalo.
Ukukhanya kwezinto ezingafunekiyo zekhemikhali izisa malunga nenguqu yehlabathi yobume bemveliso yemichiza
Ngokukhula kweoyile ye-shale e-United States, i-United States itshintshile ukusuka kwi-oyile yokuqala ye-Worder kwi-oyile ye-gorder ukuya kumnatha we-gorder of i-oyile ecekeceke, engakhange kuphela eze notshintsho olukhulu kwi-United States, Kodwa ikwanefuthe elibonakalayo kwisakhiwo samandla sehlabathi. Ioyile ye-Shale ye-US luhlobo lweoyile ye-crude ekhanyayo, kunye nokwanda kweoyile ye-US Hule yokubonelela ngokulandelelana kwandisa ioyile ye-jiude yehlabathi.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku i-China ichaphazelekayo, i-China ngumthengi weoyile yehlabathi jikelele. Iiprojekthi ezininzi zeoyile kunye neeprojekthi zekhemikhali eziphantsi kolwakhiwo ikakhulu zisekwe ngokupheleleyoUkuhlukaniswa kweoyile ye-crade, ifuna ukuba ayisiyiyo ioyile ekhanyayo kodwa neoyile ecekeceke.

Ukusuka kwimbono yokubonelela kunye nemfuno, kulindeleke ukuba umahluko wamaxabiso ehlabathi jikelele phakathi kokuKhanya kunye neoyile enkulu emxinwa iya kuncipha, izisa ezi mpembelelo zilandelayo kwishishini lemichiza lemichiza lehlabathi:
Okokuqala, ukulandelelana kwe-arbraged phakathi kokukhanya kunye neoyile enobunzima be-oyile phakathi kwe-oyile yexabiso leoyile phakathi kwemodeli ye-oyile, eyokuqikelela ukusebenza kweshishini yemakethi yeoyile yehlabathi.
Okwesibini, ukonyuka kweoyile yokukhanya kunye nokwehla kwexabiso, kulindeleke ukuba bonyuse ukusetyenziswa kweoyile yokukhanya kwaye kwandise ubume bemveliso ye-naphtha. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi komxholo we-fertock yokuqhekeza ukukhanya kwehlabathi, kulindeleke ukuba uNaphtha kulindeleke ukuba anciphe, onokukhokelela ekunikezelweni kokuphikisana nokusetyenziswa kweNaphtha.
Okwesithathu, ukukhula kokukhanya kweoyile kuya kunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweemveliso ezinamachaphaza asebenzisa uluhlu olupheleleyo njengezixhobo ezinqabileyo, ezinjenge-Petroleum Coke, njl njl. I-feredtock iya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kweemveliso zevumba elivuthayo, elinokunyusa imeko yentengiso yeemveliso ezinxulumene noko.
Okwesine, ukuntywila komahluko wexabiso leoyile phakathi kokukhanya kunye nezinto ezinzima zolwaphulo-mthetho kunokunyusa iindleko ezibonakalayo zamashishini ahlangeneyo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe ukulindelwa kweeprojekthi zokucoca. Ngaphantsi kwale meko, iya kukhuthaza kwakhona ukuphuculwa kwenqanaba eliqinisekisiweyo lamashishini amashishini adibeneyo.
Ishishini lemichiza lemichiza linokukhuthaza ukudityaniswa kunye nokufumana
Ngaphantsi kwemvelaphi ye "Datbon yekharbon", "ukwakhiwa kwamandla enguquko" kunye "ne-Antiy Gloward", imeko yokhuphiswano ye-SMES iya kuba nzima, kwaye i-capital, itekhnoloji, itekhnoloji, itekhnoloji kunye nokhuseleko lwendalo ziya kuchaphazela kakubi I-SMS.
Ngokwahlukileyo, ii-gintes ze-petrochemical ze-petrochemical zemfundo iqhuba indibaniselwano ebanzi yeshishini kunye nolungelelwaniso. Kwelinye icala, baya kutshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe ishishini lemveli ye-petrochemical enexabiso eliphezulu, ixabiso elongeziweyo kunye nongcoliseko oluphezulu. Kwelinye icala, ukuze kufezekiswe ukugxila kweshishini lehlabathi, iimbambo zepetrochemical ziya kuhlawula ngakumbi kunye nokuthathelwa ingqalelo. Isikali sentsebenzo kunye nenani le-M & A kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwakhona kubalulekile ukuze kuvavanywe umjikelo wecandelo lemichiza yendawo yokuhlala. Ewe kunjalo, ukuya kuthi ga ngoku kukhathazeka kwezoqoqosho, basazakhela ngokwakhe yimodeli yophuhliso oluphambili kwaye bafezekise ngokukhawuleza nangokwanda okukhulu ngokufuna imali.
Kulindelwe ukuba ukudityaniswa kwemichiza kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa kwemichiza kuya kugxila kumazwe aphuhlileyo njengokuba iYurophu kunye ne-United States, kunye noqoqosho oluhlumayo emelwe ngu-China kunokuthatha inxaxheba ngokusemoneleyo.
Isikhokelo esiphakathi nelide sexesha elide semichiza yekhemikhali inokugxininiswa ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo
Sisicwangciso esiliqili sokulandela umkhombandlela ophuhliso wezicwangciso zezikhewu zekhemikhali zehlabathi, kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu.
Kuwo onke amanyathelo athatyathwe yi-Petrochemical Giants, uninzi lwazo luqala kwintsimi ethile yobungcali, emva koko yaqala ukusasazeka kwaye yanda. I-Logic yoPhuculo iyonke inexeshana elithile, i-Divergeonce Drivegence Revergency Revergency ... Okwangoku kwaye ixesha elithile kwixesha elizayo, i-rives inokubakho kumjikelo wokudibana, ngamasebe amaninzi, ubudlelwane obuqinileyo kunye nesikhokelo sobuchule esinamandla. Umzekelo, i-BASF iya kuba luphawu olubalulekileyo lophuhliso olubalulekileyo kwi-carlings, i-catalysts, izinto ezisebenzayo kunye nezinye iindawo, kwaye iHuntsman iya kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa ishishini layo le polidthane kwixa elizayo.