Imeko yehlabathi itshintsha ngokukhawuleza, ichaphazela ubume bendawo yeekhemikhali ezenziwe kwinkulungwane edlulileyo. Njengeyona ntengiso inkulu yabathengi emhlabeni, iChina ngokuthe ngcembe iqhuba umsebenzi obalulekileyo wotshintsho lweekhemikhali. Ishishini lemichiza laseYurophu liyaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa ukuya kwishishini lemichiza ephezulu. Ishishini lemichiza laseMntla Melika lixhokonxa “ukuchasana nokudityaniswa kwehlabathi” kurhwebo ngemichiza. Ishishini lemichiza kuMbindi Mpuma kunye naseMpuma Yurophu ngokuthe ngcembe liya likhulisa ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso, liphucula amandla okusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nokhuphiswano lwehlabathi. Ishishini lemichiza kwihlabathi liphela lithatha inzuzo yalo ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwalo, kwaye ipateni yeshishini lemichiza yehlabathi inokutshintsha kakhulu kwixesha elizayo.
Indlela yophuhliso yoshishino lweekhemikhali yehlabathi ishwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Indlela “yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini” inokutshintsha indlela ebekwe ngayo kumashishini amaninzi epetrochemical
Amazwe amaninzi ehlabathini avakalise ukuba "ikhabhoni ephindwe kabini" iChina iya kufikelela kwincopho yayo kwi-2030 kwaye ingathathi hlangothi kwi-carbon 2060. Nangona imeko yangoku "yekhabhoni ezimbini" ilinganiselwe, ngokubanzi, "ikhabhoni ezimbini" isengumlinganiselo wehlabathi jikelele. ukujongana nokufudumala kwemozulu.
Njengoko ishishini lepetrochemical lithatha umlinganiselo omkhulu wokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, lishishini ekufuneka lenze uhlengahlengiso olukhulu phantsi kwendlela yekhabhoni emibini. Ulungelelwaniso lobuchule lwamashishini epetrochemical ekuphenduleni kwi-double carbon trend luhlala lugxininiso lweshishini.
Ngaphantsi kwendlela yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini, isikhokelo sohlengahlengiso lweqhinga lee-oyile zamazwe aseYurophu naseMelika ziyafana. Phakathi kwazo, izigebenga zeoyile zaseMelika ziya kugxila ekuphuhliseni ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni kunye netekhnoloji ehambelana nokutywinwa kwekhabhoni, kunye nokuphuhlisa ngamandla amandla e-biomass. Izikhulu ze-oyile zaseYurophu kunye nezinye zamazwe ngamazwe ziye zatshintsha ingqwalasela yazo kumandla avuselelekayo, umbane ococekileyo kunye nezinye iindlela.
Kwixesha elizayo, phantsi kwendlela yophuhliso iyonke "yekhabhoni ezimbini", ishishini lemichiza yehlabathi lingangena utshintsho olukhulu. Ezinye izigebenga ze-oyile zamazwe ngamazwe zinokuvela kubaboneleli benkonzo yeoli bokuqala ukuya kubaboneleli benkonzo yamandla amatsha, ukutshintsha ukuma kweshishini kwinkulungwane edlulileyo.
Amashishini emichiza yehlabathi aya kuqhubeka nokukhawulezisa uhlengahlengiso lwesakhiwo
Ngophuhliso lweshishini lehlabathi, ukuphuculwa kwemizi-mveliso kunye nokuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa okuziswe yimarike yesiphelo kukhuthaze imarike entsha yeekhemikhali ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nomjikelo omtsha wohlengahlengiso kunye nokuphuculwa kobume boshishino lweekhemikhali zehlabathi.
Kwindlela yokuphucula ubume bemizi-mveliso yehlabathi, kwelinye icala, kukuphucula amandla e-biomass kunye namandla amatsha; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinto ezintsha, izinto ezisebenzayo, iikhemikhali ze-elektroniki, izinto zefilimu, ii-catalysts ezintsha, njl. Ngaphantsi kobunkokheli be-petrochemical giants yamazwe ngamazwe, ulwalathiso lokuphucula la mashishini ekhemikhali yehlabathi luya kugxininisa kwizinto ezintsha, isayensi yobomi kunye nesayensi yokusingqongileyo.
Ukukhanya kwezixhobo zemichiza ekrwada kuzisa uguquko lwehlabathi lolwakhiwo lwemveliso yeekhemikhali
Ngokukhula kobonelelo lwe-oyile ekrwada e-United States, i-United States itshintshile ukusuka ekubeni ngumrhwebi wokuqala we-oyile ekrwada kumazwe angaphandle ukuya kumthengisi okhoyo ngoku we-oyile ekrwada, engakhange izise utshintsho olukhulu kulwakhiwo lwamandla e-United States. kodwa ibenempembelelo enkulu kubume bamandla ehlabathi. I-oyile ye-shale yase-US luhlobo lwe-oyile ekrwada ekhanyayo, kwaye ukonyuka kwe-oyile ye-shale yase-US ngokuhambelanayo kwandisa ukukhanya kwe-oyile ekrwada yehlabathi.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokubhekisele eTshayina, iTshayina ngumthengi we-oyile ekrwada yehlabathi. Iiprojekthi ezininzi zokusulungekiswa kweoli kunye neeprojekthi zokudibanisa imichiza ezisakhiwayo zisekelwe ikakhulu ngokupheleleyoUluhlu lwe-distillation lwe-oyile ekrwada, ayifuni kuphela i-oyile ekrwada elula kodwa ne-oyile ekrwada enzima.

Ngokwembono yobonelelo kunye nemfuno, kulindeleke ukuba umahluko wexabiso lehlabathi phakathi kokukhanya kunye ne-oyile ekrwada enzima iya kucutheka kancinci, izise ezi mpembelelo zilandelayo kushishino lwemichiza yehlabathi:
Okokuqala, ukunyanzeliswa kwe-arbitrage phakathi kwe-oyile ekrwada ekhanyayo kunye ne-oyile ekrwada ngenxa yokucutha umahluko wexabiso leoli phakathi kokukhanya kunye ne-oyile ekrwada ekrwada iye yachaphazela ukuqikelelwa kwexabiso le-oyile njengemodeli yeshishini eliphambili, elilungele ukusebenza ngokuzinzileyo. kwimarike yeoli ekrwada yehlabathi.
Okwesibini, ngokunyuka kokubonelelwa kwe-oyile ekhanyayo kunye nokuhla kwexabiso, kulindeleke ukuba kwandiswe ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile ekhanyayo kwihlabathi jikelele kunye nokwandisa umlinganiselo wemveliso ye-naphtha. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kwendlela ye-global light cracking feedstock, ukusetyenziswa kwe-naphtha kulindeleke ukuba kwehle, okunokukhokelela ekwenyukeni kokuchasana phakathi konikezelo lwe-naphtha kunye nokusetyenziswa, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe ixabiso elilindelekileyo le-naphtha.
Okwesithathu, ukukhula konikezelo lwe-oyile yokukhanya kuya kunciphisa imveliso yemveliso enzima esezantsi kusetyenziswa uluhlu olupheleleyo lwepetroleum njengezinto eziluhlaza, njengemveliso enevumba elimnandi, i-oyile ye-diesel, i-petroleum coke, njl. njl. I-feedstock iya kukhokelela ekuncitshisweni kweemveliso ze-aromatics, ezinokunyusa umoya wentelekelelo yentengiso yeemveliso ezinxulumeneyo.
Okwesine, ukucuthwa komahluko wexabiso le-oyile phakathi kwezinto ezilula kunye nezinzima ekrwada kunokunyusa iindleko zemathiriyeli ekrwada yamashishini osulungekileyo adibeneyo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe ulindelo lwenzuzo yeeprojekthi ezihlanganisiweyo zokusulungekisa. Phantsi kwalo mkhwa, iya kukhuthaza uphuhliso lwezinga elisulungekileyo lamashishini okucokisa adibeneyo.
Ushishino lweekhemikhali zehlabathi lunokukhuthaza ukudityaniswa okuninzi kunye nokuthengwa
Ngaphantsi kwemvelaphi "yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini", "ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samandla" kunye "ne-anti globalization", indawo ekhuphisanayo ye-SME iya kuba nzima ngakumbi, kwaye izinto ezingalunganga ezifana nesikali, iindleko, inkunzi, iteknoloji kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo kuya kuchaphazela kakhulu. SMEs.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iingxilimbela zepetrochemical zamazwe ngamazwe ziqhuba ukudityaniswa koshishino olubanzi kunye nokwandisa. Kwelinye icala, baya kuphelisa ngokuthe ngcembe ishishini lepetrochemical elisetyenziswa kakhulu ngamandla, ixabiso elongezelelweyo eliphantsi kunye nongcoliseko oluphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuze kuphunyezwe ingqwalasela yoshishino lwehlabathi, ii-petrochemical giants ziya kuhlawula ngakumbi nangakumbi ingqalelo ekudibaneni nasekufumaneni. Isikali sokwenziwa komsebenzi kunye nobuninzi be-M&A kunye nohlengahlengiso zisisiseko esibalulekileyo sokuvavanya umjikelo woshishino lwekhemikhali lwasekhaya. Kunjalo, ngokubhekiselele kuqoqosho olusakhasayo, basathatha ukuzakhela njengemodeli ephambili yophuhliso kwaye bafezekise ulwando olukhawulezileyo nolukhulu ngokufuna imali.
Kulindeleke ukuba ukudityaniswa kweshishini lemichiza kunye nohlengahlengiso kuya kujolisa ngakumbi kumazwe aphuhlileyo afana neYurophu kunye ne-United States, kwaye uqoqosho olusakhulayo olumelwe yi-China lunokuthatha inxaxheba ngokuphakathi.
Isikhokelo sesicwangciso sexesha eliphakathi kunye nexesha elide leekhemikhali ezinkulu zinokugxilwa ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo
Sisicwangciso esiliqili sokulandela umkhombandlela wophuhliso lobuchule bemichiza yeekhemikhali zehlabathi, kodwa inokubaluleka okuthile kwereferensi.
Kuwo onke amanyathelo athatyathwe zizigebenga zepetrochemical, uninzi lwazo lwaqala kwindawo ethile yobuchwephesha, emva koko lwaqala ukusasazeka nokwandisa. Ingcinga yophuhliso iyonke inomaxesha athile, iyantlukwano yokudibana kwakhona iyantlukwano… Okwangoku nakwixesha elizayo, izigebenga zisenokuba kumjikelo wokuhlangana, zinamasebe amaninzi, umanyano olomeleleyo kunye nesikhokelo esicwangcisiweyo esigxile ngakumbi. Ngokomzekelo, i-BASF iya kuba sisikhokelo sophuhliso olubalulekileyo kwiingubo, ii-catalysts, izinto ezisebenzayo kunye nezinye iinkalo, kwaye i-Huntsman iya kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa ishishini layo le-polyurethane kwixesha elizayo.