Ubuninzi be-n-butanol: uhlalutyo olunzulu kunye nezinto ezichaphazelayo
Ubuninzi be-n-butanol yiparameter yomzimba ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yeekhemikhali, enempembelelo ngokuthe ngqo kulawulo lomgangatho wemveliso, ukulungiswa kwenkqubo kunye nokulawula ukhuseleko. Eli phepha liza kuhlalutya ngokweenkcukacha iimpawu ezisisiseko ze-n-butanol, izinto ezichaphazelayo zokuxinana kunye nokubaluleka kwazo kwizicelo eziphathekayo.
Iimpawu ezisisiseko kunye nokuxinana kwe-n-butanol
I-n-Butanol (1-butanol) ngulwelo olungenambala, olucacileyo kunye nevumba elinxilisayo, elisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipeyinti, iiplastiki, izicoci kunye namayeza. I-formula yekhemikhali ye-n-butanol yi-C₄H₉OH kwaye ingeqela lee-alcohols eziphambili. Uxinaniso lwe-n-butanol bubunzima bento ngeyunithi yomthamo, obudla ngokubonakaliswa ngeegram nge-cubic centimeter (g/cm³) okanye iikhilogram nge-cubic meter (kg/m³). Kwimeko eqhelekileyo (20 ° C, 1 atm), ubuninzi be-n-butanol bumalunga ne-0.81 g/cm³.
Izinto ezichaphazela ukuxinana kwe-n-butanol
Ixabiso le-n-butanol density alikho-static kwaye lichaphazeleka kwizinto ezininzi. Iqondo lobushushu yenye yezinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukuxinana. Njengoko iqondo lokushisa lisanda, intshukumo ye-thermal ye-n-butanol molecules iyaphuculwa kwaye isithuba phakathi kwee-molecules siyanda, okukhokelela ekwandiseni umthamo kunye nokuncipha kobuninzi. Ngokuchasene noko, kumaqondo okushisa aphantsi, ukunyakaza kwe-molecular kuyancipha kwaye ubuninzi buyanda. Idatha yovavanyo ibonisa ukuba ubuninzi be-n-butanol behla malunga ne-0.005 g/cm³ rhoqo nge-10°C yokunyusa ubushushu.
Uxinzelelo luyinto ebalulekileyo kubuninzi be-n-butanol, nangona umphumo wayo uncinci. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, isithuba se-molecular sinyanzeliswa kwaye ubuninzi be-n-butanol bunyuka kancane. Le propati ibaluleke kakhulu kwii-reactors zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwaye kufuneka ilawulwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuphepha iimpazamo.
Ubunyulu kunye nemeko yomxube inokuchaphazela kakhulu ubuninzi be-n-butanol. Nangona i-n-butanol yococeko oluphezulu inobuninzi obuzinzile, kwizicelo zoshishino kudla ngokuyimfuneko ukuxuba i-n-butanol kunye nezinye i-solvents, kwaye ubuninzi buya kuhluka ngokuxhomekeka kumlinganiselo womxube. Ke ngoko, umlinganiselo ochanekileyo kunye nolawulo loxinaniso lwe-n-butanol luyimfuneko ekuphuculeni inkqubo yokuvelisa.
Ukubaluleka koxinaniso lwe-n-butanol kwizicelo ezibonakalayo
Ukuqonda kunye nokulawula ubuninzi be-n-butanol kubaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso yeekhemikhali. Ubuninzi be-n-butanol bunokusetyenziswa njengesalathisi esibalulekileyo sokulawula umgangatho. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, ngokubeka esweni utshintsho loxinaniso, ukucoceka kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo yokusabela kunokugwetywa ngokufanelekileyo.
Idatha yoxinaniso sisikhokelo soyilo lwenkqubo kunye nokwandisa. Ngokomzekelo, kwinkqubo yokugqithiswa kobunzima kunye nobushushu, ubuninzi be-n-butanol buchaphazela ubuninzi be-fluidity kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokudlulisa ubuninzi, nto leyo echaphazela ukuyila kwe-reactor kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ngoko ke, kwinqanaba loyilo lwenkqubo, umthetho oguqukayo we-n-butanol density kufuneka uqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo ukwenzela ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
Ubuninzi be-n-butanol bunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nemveliso ekhuselekileyo. Kwinkqubo yokugcina kunye nokuthutha, ukuguqulwa koxinano kunokuchaphazela umthamo we-liquid, nto leyo echaphazela ukhetho lwezikhongozeli zokugcina kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo yokuthutha. Ngokukodwa kwimekobume yomahluko omkhulu wobushushu, utshintsho loxinaniso lubonakala ngakumbi, kufuneka luhlawule ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.
Isishwankathelo
Ukuqonda kunye nokulawula ubuninzi be-n-butanol yinto ephambili yokuveliswa kweekhemikhali. Ngokuhlalutya ngokucokisekileyo imiphumo yokushisa, uxinzelelo, ukucoceka kunye neemeko zomxube kubuninzi be-n-butanol, sinokuyilungisa ngcono inkqubo yokuvelisa, ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuqinisekisa imveliso ekhuselekileyo. Ngoko ke, ekusebenzeni, ukubeka iliso okuqhubekayo kunye nokulawulwa kwe-n-butanol density kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa inkqubo egudileyo.