Ubuninzi beBenzene: Uhlalutyo olunzulu kunye nezinto ezichaphazelayo
I-Benzene, njengento eqhelekileyo ye-organic compound, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwishishini lemichiza. Ubuninzi bebenzene yenye yezona parameters ezibalulekileyo zokuvavanya iimpawu zayo ezibonakalayo kwaye zinempembelelo enzulu kwizicelo zobunjineli bemichiza. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlalutya ubuninzi bebenzene kunye nezinto ezichaphazelayo ngokweenkcukacha ukukunceda uqonde ngcono le parameter iphambili.
1. Yintoni ubuninzi bebenzene?
Ubuninzi bebenzene bubhekisa kubunzima beyunithi nganye ye-benzene kubushushu obuthile kunye noxinzelelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubuninzi bebenzene bumalunga ne-0.8765 g/cm³ kwi-20°C (ubushushu begumbi). Eli xabiso lithetha ukuba i-benzene ilula kakhulu kwimeko yolwelo, sesinye sezizathu zokuba isetyenziswe kakhulu kwimveliso yefektri kunye nophando lwebhubhoratri. Ukumiselwa ngokuchanekileyo koxinaniso kubalulekile kwi-accounting yezinto eziphathekayo, ukuyila kunye nokusebenza kwimveliso yeekhemikhali.
2. Impembelelo yobushushu kubuninzi bebenzene
Iqondo lobushushu yenye yezinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukuxinana kwebenzene. Njengoko iqondo lobushushu linyuka, isithuba semolekyuli yebenzene siyanda, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuncipheni koxinzelelo. Ngokomzekelo, ubuninzi bebenzene buyancipha kakhulu kwiimeko ezingaphezulu kweqondo lokushisa, elifuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwiinkqubo zokushisa eziphezulu. Ngokwahlukileyo, xa ubushushu buyancipha, ubuninzi bebenzene buyanda ngokufanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, xa kuyilwa iinkqubo zeekhemikhali ezibandakanya i-benzene, umphumo weqondo lokushisa kwi-density ye-benzene kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo yokuvelisa.
3. Impembelelo yoxinzelelo kubuninzi bebenzene
Nangona umphumo woxinzelelo kuxinaniso lolwelo luhlala luncinci, ubuninzi bebenzene buya kutshintsha kwinqanaba elithile phantsi kweemeko ezithile ezikhethekileyo, njengendawo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ukonyusa uxinzelelo kubangela ukuba isithuba semolekyuli yebenzene yehle, okukhokelela ekunyukeni okuncinci koxinzelelo. Impembelelo yoxinzelelo kwi-density ye-benzene idla ngokungakhathali phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza kweekhemikhali eziqhelekileyo, kodwa kwizicelo apho i-benzene yenziwe okanye igcinwe kuxinzelelo oluphezulu, le nto isafuna ukuqwalaselwa.
4. Ubunyulu kunye neBenzene Density
Ukucoceka kwebenzene nako kunempembelelo ekuxinaniseni kwayo. Xa icocekile ibenzene, kokukhona ingxinano isondela kwixabiso lethiyori eyi-0.8765 g/cm³. Ukuba i-benzene iqulethe obunye ukungcola okanye izinyibilikisi, ukuxinana kwayo kusenokwahluka, nto leyo ebaluleke ngakumbi kulawulo lweenkqubo ezithile zemichiza eethe-ethe. Ngoko ke, kwishishini lemichiza, ukugcina ukucoceka okuphezulu kwe-benzene akuncedi nje ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso, kodwa kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweeparitha zoxinaniso.
5. Iimpembelelo ezinokwenzeka kwizicelo
Ukuqonda ukuxinana kwebenzene kunye nezinto eziyiphembelela kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenziseni okusebenzayo kwishishini lemichiza. Ngokomzekelo, uxinaniso luyiparameter ephambili kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kwee-reactors, izixhobo zokwahlula kunye nombhobho omisela iimpawu zokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokudluliselwa kobushushu. Idatha ye-Density nayo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekubaleni ibhalansi yezinto, eziyimfuneko ekuphuculeni iinkqubo zokuvelisa imichiza. Ke ngoko, ukuqondwa ngokuchanekileyo koxinzelelo lwe-benzene kunye nezinto ezinxulumene nayo eziphembelelayo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yeekhemikhali kunye nomgangatho wemveliso.
Ukuqukumbela
Uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lokuxinana kwebenzene kunye nezinto eziphembelelayo lubonisa ukubaluleka kwale propati ebonakalayo kwizicelo zemichiza. Izinto ezifana nobushushu, uxinzelelo kunye nokucoceka zonke zinempembelelo kubuninzi bebenzene, ngoko ke ekusebenzeni, ukuqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo kwezi zinto kunokunceda ukwandisa inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso. Ukuqonda kunye nokuqonda ulwazi olunxulumene nokuxinana kwe-benzene kuya kunika inkxaso eqinile kubasebenzi beekhemikhali kumsebenzi wabo osebenzayo.