Ubuninzi be-acetic acid: ukuqonda kunye nohlalutyo lwesicelo
Kwishishini lemichiza, i-acetic acid iyikhemikhali esetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye ibalulekileyo. Kwiingcali ezisebenza kwintsimi yeekhemikhali, ukuqonda iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-acetic acid, ngokukodwa ukuxinana kwayo, kubalulekile ekuqulunqweni koyilo, ulawulo lokugcina kunye nokuphucula inkqubo. Kweli phepha, siya kuhlalutya ubuninzi be-acetic acid ngokweenkcukacha kwaye sixoxe ngempembelelo kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwayo kwizicelo eziphathekayo.
Isishwankathelo seempawu ezisisiseko kunye nokuxinana kwe-acetic acid
I-acetic acid (ifomula yekhemikhali: CH₃COOH), ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-acetic acid, yiasidi ephilayo enencasa emuncu eyomeleleyo kunye nevumba elicaphukisayo. Njengomchiza obalulekileyo wemathiriyeli ekrwada, iacetic acid isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezininzi ezinjengokutya, amayeza, kunye neekhemikhali. Kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi (25°C), iacetic acid inoxinzelelo olumalunga ne-1.049 g/cm³. Eli xabiso libonisa ukuba i-acetic acid inzima kancinci kwimeko yolwelo xa ithelekiswa namanzi (ubuninzi be-1 g/cm³).
Impembelelo yobushushu kubuninzi be-acetic acid
Uxinaniso, ipropathi ebalulekileyo ebonakalayo yento, idla ngokutshintsha ngamaqondo obushushu. Ubuninzi be-acetic acid akukho nto. Njengoko iqondo lobushushu lisanda, intshukumo eshushu yeemolekyuli ze-acetic acid iyaqina kwaye isithuba semolekyuli siyanda, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuncipheni kancinci koxinzelelo. Umzekelo, ku-40°C ubuninzi be-acetic acid bumalunga ne-1.037 g/cm³, ngelixa ku-20°C isondele kwi-1.051 g/cm³. Le propati ibaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, ngakumbi ngexesha lokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokulawulwa kokuphendula, apho umphumo weqondo lokushisa kwi-xinano ye-acetic acid kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwenkqubo kunye nomgangatho wemveliso.
Ukubaluleka koxinzelelo lwe-acetic acid kwizicelo zoshishino
Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa imichiza, ubuninzi be-acetic acid abuchaphazeli kuphela ukugcinwa kwayo kunye nokuthutha, kodwa kuhambelana ngqo nomlinganiselo wenkqubo kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso. Ekulungiseleleni izisombululo, ulwazi oluchanekileyo lokuxinana kwe-acetic acid lunceda ukufumanisa umlinganiselo ochanekileyo we-solute kunye ne-solvent, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukwandise iimeko zokusabela. Ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokuthutha, ukuxinwa yipharamitha ephambili ekunqumeni umthamo kunye nomthamo wokuthwala izikhongozeli zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho.
Imilinganiselo yoxinano lwe-acetic kunye nemigangatho
Kwimizi-mveliso, ubuninzi be-acetic acid budla ngokulinganiswa kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezifana neebhotile ezithile zomxhuzulane, iigravimitha zohlobo lwe-float okanye i-densitometers yetyhubhu engcangcazelayo. Le milinganiselo ivumela ukuxinana kwe-acetic acid ukuba kunqunywe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye kusetyenziswe ukulawula umgangatho kunye nokuphucula inkqubo. Imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe yoxinaniso lwe-acetic acid idla ngokusekwe kulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu, ngoko ke ukuzinza kweqondo lobushushu kukwayingqwalasela ephambili xa kusenziwa imilinganiselo.
Isishwankathelo
Ubuninzi be-acetic acid, njengenye yeempawu zayo ezibonakalayo, zinempembelelo enkulu kwizicelo ezininzi kwishishini lemichiza. Ngokuqonda okunzulu kunye nokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kobuninzi be-acetic acid, inkqubo yokuvelisa inokulawulwa ngcono, umgangatho wemveliso unokulungiswa, kwaye ukhuseleko lokugcinwa kunye nokuthutha lunokuqinisekiswa. Ingaba kuphando lwebhubhoratri okanye ukuveliswa kwemveliso, ulawulo lwe-acetic acid density luyingxenye ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuhamba kakuhle kweenkqubo zemichiza.
Ngokuhlalutya oku ngasentla, sinokubona ngokucacileyo ukuba ukuqonda kunye nokulawula ukuxinana kwe-acetic acid akuncedi nje ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso, kodwa kunciphisa inkunkuma kunye neendleko, ngaloo ndlela kuxhamle ukhuphiswano oluqatha kwiimarike.