Indawo yokubilisa ye-trichloromethane: Ukuqonda kule parameter ibalulekileyo yemichiza
I-Trichloromethane, i-chemical formula CHCl₃, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-chloroform, sisinyibilikisi esibalulekileyo se-organic. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini kunye neebhubhoratri, kwaye iipropathi zayo ezibonakalayo, ngakumbi indawo yayo yokubilisa, zizona zigqibo eziphambili kwiindawo zesicelo kunye nokhuseleko. Kweli phepha, siza kujonga nzulu kwindawo yokubilisa ye-trichloromethane kwaye sihlalutye ukubaluleka kwayo kwishishini lemichiza.
Indawo yokubilisa ye-trichloromethane kunye nokubaluleka kwayo ngokomzimba
Indawo yokubila ye-trichloromethane yi-61.2 ° C (okanye 334.4 K). Iqondo lokubila liqondo lobushushu apho ulwelo luguqulwa lube yirhasi kuxinzelelo oluthile (ngokuqhelekileyo uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-atmospheric, okanye i-101.3 kPa). Kwimeko ye-trichloromethane, indawo yayo yokubila ephantsi kakhulu yenza ukuba iguquguquke kakhulu kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, nto leyo enempembelelo enkulu ekusebenziseni kwayo kwishishini lemichiza.
Izinto ezichaphazela iqondo lokubila le-trichloromethane
Indawo yokubilisa ye-trichloromethane ichatshazelwa zizinto ezininzi, ngakumbi amandla e-intermolecular van der Waals kunye ne-polarity ye-molecule. I-electronegativity enkulu yee-athom zeklorin kwi-molecule ye-trichloromethane inika i-polarity ethile, ekhokelela kubukho bamandla athile e-dipole-dipole phakathi kweeathom. Ubukho bala mandla e-intermolecular kuvumela i-trichloromethane ukuba yoyise la mandla adibeneyo kwaye iguqulele kwigesi kuphela kumaqondo obushushu athile. Ngenxa yoko, iqondo lokubilisa liphezulu ngokumalunga nezinye iimolekyuli ezingekho phantsi komhlaba ezifana ne-methane (indawo yokubilisa -161.5 ° C) kodwa iphantsi kunamanzi (indawo yokubilisa i-100 ° C), ebonisa amandla ayo aphakathi kwamandla e-intermolecular interaction.
Ukubaluleka kwendawo yokubilisa ye-trichloromethane kwizicelo zamashishini
Indawo yokubilisa ye-trichloromethane sisikhokelo esibalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwayo kwishishini. Indawo yayo ephantsi yokubilisa iyenza ibe sisinyibilikisi esisebenzayo se-organic, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezifuna ukuvela komphunga ngokukhawuleza. Ngokomzekelo, kwimveliso yeekhemikhali, i-trichloromethane isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-extraction, ukutshatyalaliswa kunye neenkqubo zokucoca ngenxa yokukwazi ukukhupha ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukwazi ukunyibilikisa izinto ezininzi eziphilayo. Ngenxa yokubilisa kwayo okuphantsi, ukuguquguquka kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ekuyilweni kwezixhobo zoshishino, ngokukodwa kwiinkqubo ezibandakanya i-distillation kunye nokubuyiswa kwe-solvent, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo.
Impembelelo yendawo yokubila ye-trichloromethane kukhuseleko
Indawo yokubilisa ye-trichloromethane nayo inefuthe elithe ngqo kukhuseleko lokugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuphezulu kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, ithande ukwenza umphunga ovuthayo kunye netyhefu emoyeni. Oku kufuna ukungena komoya okulungileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezikhongozeli ezifanelekileyo ezitywiniweyo zokugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ukwazi indawo yokubilisa ye-trichloromethane kunokunceda iinkampani zeekhemikhali ukuba zibeke amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvela komphunga ngengozi kunye nokukhutshwa kwerhasi ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu.
Ukuqukumbela
Uhlalutyo lwendawo yokubilisa ye-trichloromethane akusincedi nje ukuba siqonde ngcono iimpawu ezibonakalayo zale khemikhali, kodwa ikwabonelela ngesiseko esibalulekileyo sethiyori sokusetyenziswa kwayo kwishishini lemichiza. Ukusuka kwisakhiwo sayo semolekyuli ukuya ekusebenzeni kwayo, indawo yokubila ye-trichloromethane idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyilo lwenkqubo yemichiza kunye nolawulo lokhuseleko. Ngokufumana ukuqonda okunzulu kwendawo yokubilisa ye-trichloromethane, sinokusebenzisa kangcono le nto kwaye siqinisekise ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokhuseleko kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.