Indawo yokubilisa ye-n-Butanol: iinkcukacha kunye nezinto ezichaphazelayo
I-n-Butanol, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-1-butanol, yinto eqhelekileyo ye-organic compound esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiikhemikhali, ipeyinti kunye namashishini amayeza. Indawo yokubilisa iyipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu kwiipropati ezibonakalayo ze-n-Butanol, ezingachaphazeli kuphela ukugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-n-Butanol, kodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo njenge-solvent okanye ephakathi kwiinkqubo zeekhemikhali. Kweli phepha, siza kuxubusha ngokweenkcukacha ixabiso elithile le-n-butanol yokubilisa kunye nezinto ezichaphazelayo emva kwayo.
Idatha esisiseko kwindawo yokubilisa ye-n-butanol
Indawo yokubilisa ye-n-butanol yi-117.7 ° C kuxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric. Eli qondo lobushushu libonisa ukuba i-n-butanol iyakutshintsha ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwimeko yerhasi xa ishushubezwa kobu bushushu. I-n-Butanol yi-solvent ye-organic kunye neqondo eliphakathi lokubilisa, eliphakamileyo kune-molekyuli encinci ye-alcohol efana ne-methanol kunye ne-ethanol, kodwa iphantsi kune-alcohols kunye ne-carbon chain chain njenge-pentanol. Eli xabiso libaluleke kakhulu kwimisebenzi eyenziwa ngamashishini, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kwiinkqubo ezifana ne-distillation, ukwahlukana kunye nokubuyisela i-solvent, apho ixabiso elichanekileyo lendawo yokubilisa linquma ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhethwa kwenkqubo.
Izinto ezichaphazela indawo yokubilisa ye-n-butanol
Ubume bemolekyuli
Indawo yokubilisa ye-n-butanol ihambelana ngokusondeleyo nesakhiwo sayo se-molecular. I-n-Butanol yi-alcohol egcweleyo ehambelana ne-molecular formula C₄H₉OH. I-n-Butanol inendawo yokubilisa ephezulu ngenxa yamandla anamandla e-intermolecular (umzekelo, i-van der Waals forces kunye ne-hydrogen bonding) phakathi kwee-molecule ezihambelanayo xa kuthelekiswa nezakhiwo ze-branched okanye ze-cyclic. Ubukho beqela le-hydroxyl (-OH) kwi-molecule ye-n-butanol, iqela elisebenzayo le-polar elinokwenza iibhondi ze-hydrogen kunye nezinye iiamolekyu, ziphakamisa ngakumbi indawo yokubilisa.

Ukutshintsha koxinzelelo lwe-Atmospheric
Indawo yokubilisa ye-n-butanol nayo ichaphazeleka kuxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric. Indawo yokubilisa ye-n-butanol ye-117.7 ° C ibhekisela kwindawo yokubilisa kuxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-atmospheric (101.3 kPa). Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezisezantsi zoxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric, njengendawo yokucoca i-vacuum, indawo yokubilisa ye-n-butanol iya kuncipha. Umzekelo, kwimeko ye-semi-vacuum isenokubila kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-100°C. Ngoko ke, inkqubo ye-distillation kunye nokwahlula kwe-n-butanol inokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokulungelelanisa uxinzelelo lwe-ambient kwimveliso yezoshishino.

Ubunyulu kunye nezinto ezikhoyo
Indawo yokubilisa ye-n-butanol inokuchaphazeleka bubunyulu. Ukucoceka okuphezulu kwe-n-butanol inendawo yokubilisa ezinzileyo ye-117.7°C. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukungcola kukho kwi-n-butanol, ezi zinokuguqula indawo yokubilisa yangempela ye-n-butanol ngokusebenzisa i-azeotropic effects okanye enye intsebenziswano ye-physicochemical. Ngokomzekelo, xa i-n-butanol ixutywe namanzi okanye ezinye i-solvents eziphilayo, i-azeotropy inokubangela ukuba indawo yokubilisa yomxube ibe ngaphantsi kune-n-butanol ecocekileyo. Ngoko ke, ulwazi lokuqulunqwa kunye nohlobo lomxube luyimfuneko kulawulo oluchanekileyo lwamanqaku okubilisa.

Ukusetyenziswa kwendawo yokubilisa ye-n-butanol kushishino
Kwishishini lemichiza, ukuqonda kunye nokulawulwa kwendawo yokubilisa ye-n-butanol kubalulekile kwiinjongo eziphathekayo. Ngokomzekelo, kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa apho i-n-butanol kufuneka ihlulwe kwamanye amacandelo nge-distillation, ukushisa kufuneka kulawulwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuhlukana okusebenzayo. Kwiinkqubo zokubuyisela i-solvent, indawo yokubilisa ye-n-butanol ikwamisela ukuyilwa kwesixhobo sokubuyisela kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Iqondo lokubilisa eliphakathi le-n-butanol liye lakhokelela ekusebenziseni i-solvent kunye neekhemikhali ezininzi.
Ukuqonda indawo yokubilisa ye-n-butanol kubalulekile ekusebenziseni kwayo kwizicelo zeekhemikhali. Ulwazi lwendawo yokubilisa ye-n-butanol inika isiseko esiqinileyo soyilo lwenkqubo kunye nokuphuculwa kwemveliso, zombini kuphando lwebhubhoratri kunye nokuveliswa kwemveliso.