Indawo yokubilisa yeChloroform kunye nefuthe layo kuhlalutyo lwemiba
I-Chloroform (i-Chloroform), kunye ne-chemical formula ye-CHCl₃, i-compound engenambala yezinto eziphilayo kunye nevumba elikhethekileyo, elisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo zoshishino lwemichiza kunye neyeza. Kwimveliso yeekhemikhali, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda iimpawu ezibonakalayo zekloroform, apho indawo yokubilisa ye-chloroform iyipharamitha ephambili, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokusingatha phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokushisa. Eli phepha liza kuhlalutya indawo yokubilisa yeklorofomu kunye nezinto ezichaphazelayo ngokweenkcukacha.
1. Isishwankathelo sendawo yokubilisa yeklorofomu
I-Chloroform inendawo yokubila emalunga ne-61.2°C (malunga ne-334.35 K), ipropati eyenza ibe lulwelo kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi. Ngenxa yeqondo eliphantsi lokubilisa, ikloroform idla ngokumka kubushushu begumbi, nto leyo ifuna ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa. Le propati yendawo yokubilisa ye-chloroform yenza ukuba ixabiseke kwi-distillation, ukwahlula kunye nokuveliswa kweekhemikhali.
2. Izinto ezichaphazela indawo yokubilisa yeklorofomu
Indawo yokubilisa yekloroform ichaphazeleka kakhulu luxinzelelo lwe-ambient. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-atmospheric, indawo yokubila yeklorofomu yi-61.2°C. Xa uxinzelelo lutshintsha, indawo yokubilisa ye-chloroform nayo iya kutshintsha. Ngokomzekelo, phantsi koxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo, indawo yokubilisa ye-chloroform iyancipha, enenzuzo kwiinkqubo ezifuna i-distillation kumaqondo aphantsi. Ngokufanayo, phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, indawo yokubilisa yekloroform yonyuka, enokufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokukodwa kunyango oluthile lwenkqubo.
Indawo yokubilisa yekloroform nayo ichaphazeleka bubunyulu bayo. I-Chloroform equlethe ukungcola inokuba neqondo lokubila elahlukileyo kwi-chloroform ecocekileyo kuba ubukho bokungcola kuguqula ukuguquguquka kolwelo. Ngoko ke, kwiikhemikhali ezintle kunye namayeza, ukucoceka kwe-chloroform kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwendawo yokubilisa kunye nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo.
3. Ukubaluleka kwendawo yokubilisa yeklorofomu kwizicelo zamashishini
Kwimveliso yeekhemikhali, ukuqonda indawo yokubilisa yekloroform kubalulekile ekuqulunqweni kwenkqubo kunye nokukhetha izixhobo. Umzekelo, kwi-organic synthesis reactions, iqondo lobushushu lokusabela lihlala lifuna ukulawulwa kufutshane nendawo yokubilisa ye-chloroform ukugcina ukusabela okugudileyo. I-Chloroform njenge-solvent esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, indawo yayo yokubilisa ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukubuyiswa kunye nokusebenzisa kwakhona ukusebenza kakuhle kwezinyibilikisi.
Kwishishini lamachiza, indawo yokubilisa yeklorofomu ikwamisela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiinkqubo ezithile zoxubo-mayeza. Umzekelo, xa isetyenziselwa amayeza ukukhupha izithako ezithile ezisebenzayo, indawo yokubila ephantsi yekloroform ivumela ukuba iphume ibe ngumphunga kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela izinto ezingeva bubushushu.
4. ImiGaqo yoKhuseleko ekuSetyenzisweni kweChloroform
Ngenxa yokuba iklorofomu iguquguquka kwaye inetyhefu kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, kufuneka iphathwe kwaye igcinwe ngokhuseleko oluyimfuneko. Ulwazi lwendawo yokubila yeklorofomu lunokunceda abaqhubi balawule ngcono ukuguquguquka kwayo kwaye baphephe ukuphefumla kakhulu. Ngaphantsi kwendawo yokushisa ephezulu, kuyimfuneko ukubeka ingqalelo kwi-volatility ye-chloroform ukukhusela ukubunjwa kwe-concentration ephezulu yegesi emoyeni, enokubangela ingozi yempilo.
Ukuqukumbela
Ngohlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwendawo yokubilisa yeklorofomu kunye nezinto eziphembelelayo, kunokubonwa ukuba ukulawula iimpawu zamanqaku abilayo ekloroform kubaluleke kakhulu kulawulo lwenkqubo kunye nokukhethwa kwezixhobo kwimveliso yemichiza. Ukuqonda kunye nokulawula indawo yokubilisa ye-chloroform linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo, zombini kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso kunye nokusebenza kwebhubhoratri.