1,Umkhwa wokunyuka okuqhubekayo kumthamo wemveliso ye-MMA

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umthamo wokuvelisa we-MMA (methyl methacrylate) waseTshayina ubonise ukunyuka okuphawulekayo, ukukhula ukusuka kwi-1.1 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2018 ukuya kwi-2.615 yezigidi zeetoni ngoku, kunye nesantya sokukhula esiphantse sibe ngama-2.4 amaxesha. Oku kukhula ngokukhawuleza kubangelwa ikakhulu kuphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini lemichiza yasekhaya kunye nokwandiswa kweemfuno zentengiso. Ngokukodwa ngo-2022, izinga lokukhula kwemveliso yasekhaya ye-MMA yafikelela kwi-35.24%, kunye nezixhobo ezi-6 zeeseti zafakwa ekusebenzeni enyakeni, zikhuthaza ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwamandla okuvelisa.

2,Uhlahlelo loMahluko kuMmandla wokuKhula phakathi kweeNkqubo ezimbini

Ukususela kumbono weenkqubo zokuvelisa, kukho umehluko omkhulu kwisantya sokukhula kwamandla phakathi kwendlela ye-ACH (indlela ye-acetone cyanohydrin) kunye nendlela ye-C4 (indlela ye-isobutene oxidation). Izinga lokukhula kwamandla endlela ye-ACH libonisa ukunyuka okunyukayo, ngelixa izinga lokukhula komthamo weC4 indlela libonisa ukuhla kokunciphisa. Lo mahluko ikakhulu ngenxa yempembelelo yeendleko. Ukususela kwi-2021, inzuzo ye-C4 yemveliso ye-MMA iye yaqhubeka iyancipha, kwaye ilahleko enkulu yenzeke ukusuka kwi-2022 ukuya kwi-2023, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwenzuzo yonyaka ngaphezu kwe-yuan ye-2000 ngetoni. Oku kuthintela ngokuthe ngqo inkqubela phambili yemveliso ye-MMA isebenzisa inkqubo ye-C4. Ngokwahlukileyo, umda wenzuzo yemveliso ye-MMA nge-ACH indlela isamkelekile, kwaye ukwanda kwemveliso ye-acrylonitrile enyukayo inika isiqinisekiso esaneleyo sezinto eziluhlaza kwindlela ye-ACH. Ke ngoko, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uninzi lwe-MMA eveliswe yindlela ye-ACH yamkelwa.

3,Uhlalutyo lwezibonelelo ezixhasayo ezinyukayo nezisezantsi

Phakathi kwamashishini okuvelisa i-MMA, umlinganiselo wamashishini asebenzisa indlela ye-ACH uphezulu, ufikelela kwi-13, ngelixa kukho amashishini a-7 asebenzisa indlela ye-C4. Ukususela kwimeko esezantsi yezibonelelo ezixhasayo, kuphela amashishini ama-5 avelisa i-PMMA, ebala i-25%. Oku kubonisa ukuba amaziko asezantsi axhasayo kumashishini emveliso ye-MMA akakagqibeleli. Kwixesha elizayo, kunye nokwandiswa kunye nokudityaniswa kwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso, inani lokuxhasa amashishini emveliso esezantsi kulindeleke ukuba lonyuke.

4,Imeko ephezulu yendlela ye-ACH kunye ne-C4 indlela ehambelanayo

Kumashishini okuvelisa i-ACH MMA, i-30.77% ixhotyiswe ngeeyunithi ze-acetone ezinyukayo, ngelixa i-69.23% ixhotyiswe ngeeyunithi ze-acrylonitrile eziphezulu. Ngenxa yokuba i-hydrogen cyanide kwizinto eziluhlaza eziveliswa yindlela ye-ACH ikakhulu ivela kwi-re production of acrylonitrile, ukuqaliswa kwe-MMA nge-ACH indlela ichaphazeleka kakhulu ngokuqala kwesityalo esixhasayo se-acrylonitrile, ngelixa imeko yeendleko ichaphazeleka kakhulu ngexabiso le-acetone. Ngokwahlukileyo, phakathi kwamashishini okuvelisa i-MMA asebenzisa indlela ye-C4, i-57.14% ixhotyiswe nge-isobutene / tert butanol ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kwezinto ezinkulu, amashishini amabini ayeke iiyunithi zawo ze-MMA ukusukela ngo-2022.

5,Utshintsho kwireyithi yokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwishishini

Ngokunyuka okukhawulezayo kobonelelo lweMMA kunye nokucotha kwemfuno yokukhula, ubonelelo lweshishini kunye nepateni yemfuno ngokuthe ngcembe iyatshintsha ukusuka kunqongophalo lonikezelo ukuya ekuboneleleni ngokugqithisileyo. Olu tshintsho lukhokelele kuxinzelelo olunyiniweyo ekusebenzeni kwezityalo zasekhaya ze-MMA, kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi komthamo weshishini libonise indlela ehlayo. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokukhutshwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwemfuno esezantsi kunye nokukhuthazwa kokudityaniswa kwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso, umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa komthamo weshishini kulindeleke ukuba uphuculwe.

6Imbonakalo yemarike yexesha elizayo

Ukujonga phambili, imakethi ye-MMA iya kujongana nemingeni emininzi kunye namathuba. Kwelinye icala, iingxilimbela zeekhemikhali ezininzi zehlabathi zibhengeze uhlengahlengiso lwamandla kwizityalo zazo ze-MMA, eziya kuchaphazela unikezelo kunye nepateni yemfuno yemarike yeMMA yehlabathi. Kwelinye icala, umthamo wasekhaya weMMA uya kuqhubeka ukhula, kwaye ngophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha, iindleko zemveliso kulindeleke ukuba zinciphe ngakumbi. Ngeli xesha, ukwandiswa kweemarike ezisezantsi kunye nophuhliso lweendawo zezicelo ezivelayo kuya kuzisa amanqaku amatsha okukhula kwimarike ye-MMA.