Uhlalutyo lwamanqaku e-acetone kunye neempembelelo ezichaphazelayo
I-acetone, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-dimethyl ketone, i-solvent ebalulekileyo yezinto eziphilayo ezinoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwishishini lemichiza. Ukuqonda indawo yokubilisa ye-acetone kubalulekile kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kweenkqubo zemichiza. Kweli phepha, siya kuhlalutya indawo yokubilisa ye-acetone ngokweenkcukacha kwaye sixoxe ngeempawu zayo ezisisiseko kunye nezinto ezichaphazelayo.
Iimpawu ezisisiseko ze-acetone
I-acetone, kunye ne-chemical formula C₃H₆O kunye nobunzima be-molecular of 58.08 g / mol, ngulwelo olungenambala, oluguquguqukayo kunye nencasa emnandi kunye nevumba elicaphukisayo. Ngenxa ye-solvency yayo egqwesileyo, i-acetone isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicoci, izinyibilikisi, izinto zokugquma, amayeza kunye namashishini eplastiki. Kwezi zicelo, ulwazi lweempawu ezibonakalayo ze-acetone, njengendawo yokubilisa, luyimfuneko ekulawuleni iiparamitha zenkqubo.
Yintoni iqondo lokubila le-acetone?
Indawo yokubilisa ye-acetone idla ngokubhalwa njenge-56 ° C (malunga ne-329 K) kuxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-atmospheric (101.3 kPa). Eli qondo lobushushu liqondo lobushushu apho iacetone itshintsha ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwimeko yegesi. Iqondo eliphantsi lokubila leacetone xa lithelekiswa nezinye izinyibilikisi eziphilayo lithetha ukuba liyaguquguquka ngakumbi kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi. Le propati ivumela i-acetone ukuba ikhuphe ngokukhawuleza kwizicelo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso, iququzelele ukomisa ngokukhawuleza kunye neenkqubo zokucoca.
Izinto ezichaphazela indawo yokubilisa ye-acetone
Indawo yokubilisa ye-acetone ayigxili kwaye ichaphazeleka kwizinto ezininzi. Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ziquka uxinzelelo lwangaphandle, umxholo wokungcola kunye nomlinganiselo womxube we-solvent.

Impembelelo yoxinzelelo lwangaphandle: Kuxinzelelo oluphantsi, indawo yokubilisa ye-acetone iyancipha. Ngexesha le-vacuum distillation, ukuthoba uxinzelelo kuvumela i-acetone ukuba ibile kwiqondo lobushushu elisezantsi, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe ukulahleka kobushushu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ke ngoko, ukulawula uxinzelelo kuyindlela esebenzayo yokulawula indawo yokubilisa ye-acetone ngexesha le-industrial distillation.

Impembelelo yokungcola: ubukho bokungcola kwi-acetone nayo ichaphazela indawo yayo yokubilisa. Ukuphakama kobunyulu, ukusondela kwindawo yokubilisa kwixabiso eliqhelekileyo; ngelixa imixube equlethe amanye amacandelo aguquguqukayo inokubangela utshintsho kwindawo yokubilisa. Ukuveliswa kweekhemikhali ezintle, kubalulekile ukulawula ukucoceka kwe-acetone ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwayo kumaqondo okushisa athile.

Isiphumo semixube ye-solvent: Xa i-acetone ixutywe nezinye izinyibilikisi, indawo yayo yokubila inokutshintsha. Le nto yaziwa ngokuba yi-azeotropy. Ngokwenza, i-azeotropic point ye-acetone kunye nezinye i-solvents idinga ingqalelo ekhethekileyo njengoko inokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokwahlula.

Ukubaluleka kweNdawo yokuBilisa i-acetone
Ukuqonda kunye nokulawula indawo yokubilisa ye-acetone kubaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso yamashishini. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zeekhemikhali, ezifana nokubuyiswa kwe-solvent, ukuhlukana kwe-distillation kunye nokulawulwa kokuphendula, ulwazi oluchanekileyo lwendawo yokubilisa ye-acetone lunokunceda ukuphucula iiparitha zenkqubo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso.
Indawo yokubilisa ye-acetone yeyona parameter yomzimba kwishishini lemichiza. Ingaba kukusetyenziswa kwe-solvent, ukuphendulwa kweekhemikhali okanye ukuhlukana kwe-distillation, ukuqonda indawo yokubilisa ye-acetone kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazelayo sisiseko esibalulekileyo sokuqinisekisa inkqubo yokuvelisa imveliso.