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Igama lemveliso:iacetic acid
Imo yemolekyuli:C2H4O2
Inombolo yeCAS:64-19-7
Ulwakhiwo lwemolekyuli yemveliso:
Into | Iyunithi | Ixabiso |
Ubunyulu | % | 99.8imiz |
Umbala | APHA | 5 ubuninzi |
Umxholo we-Fomic acid | % | 0.03 ubuninzi |
Umxholo wamanzi | % | 0.15 ubuninzi |
Imbonakalo | - | Ulwelo olucacileyo |
I-Acetic acid, i-CH3COOH, lulwelo olungenambala, oluguquguqukayo kumaqondo obushushu akwindawo engqongileyo. Ikhompawundi esulungekileyo, i-acetic acid yomkhenkce, ibizwa ngegama layo ngenxa yembonakalo yayo efana nomkhenkce kwi-15.6°C. Njengoko kubonelelwe ngokubanzi, i-acetic acid iyisisombululo se-6 N yamanzi (malunga ne-36%) okanye isisombululo se-1 N (malunga ne-6%). Ezi okanye ezinye iidilution zisetyenziswa ekongezeni izixa ezifanelekileyo zeacetic acid ekutyeni. I-Acetic acid yimpawu ye-asidi yeviniga, ukugxininiswa kwayo ukusuka kwi-3.5 ukuya kwi-5.6%. I-acetic acid kunye ne-acetates zikhona kwizityalo ezininzi kunye nezicubu zezilwanyana kwiimali ezincinci kodwa ezibonakalayo. Zizinto eziqhelekileyo ze-metabolic intermediates, ziveliswa ziintlobo zebhaktiriya ezifana ne-Acetobacter kwaye zinokudityaniswa ngokupheleleyo kwi-carbon dioxide yi-microorganisms efana ne-Clostridium thermoaceticum. I-rat yenza i-acetate ngesantya se-1% yobunzima bomzimba wayo ngosuku.
Njengolwelo olungenambala olunevumba elinamandla, elibukhali, elinophawu lweviniga, luluncedo kwibhotolo, itshizi, iidiliya kunye nencasa yeziqhamo. Incinci kakhulu i-acetic acid ecocekileyo njengoko isetyenziswa ekutyeni, nangona ihlelwa yi-FDA njengento ye-GRAS. Ngenxa yoko, inokuthi isetyenziswe kwiimveliso ezingabandakanywayo kwiiNkcazo kunye neMigangatho yesazisi. I-Acetic acid iyona nxalenye ephambili yeviniga kunye ne-pyroligneous acid. Ngohlobo lweviniga, ngaphezu kwe-27 yezigidi ze-lb zongezwa ekutyeni ngo-1986, malunga nezixa ezilinganayo ezisetyenziswa njenge-acidulants kunye ne-flavoring agents. Enyanisweni, i-acetic acid (njengeviniga) yayiyenye yezinto zokuqala zokunambitha. Iiviniga zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseleleni isaladi yokugqoka kunye ne-mayonnaise, i-pickle emuncu kunye ne-sweet kunye neesosi ezininzi kunye ne-catsups. Zikwasetyenziswa ekunyangeni inyama nasekunkonkxeni imifuno ethile. Ukwenziwa kwe-mayonnaise, ukongezwa kwenxalenye ye-acetic acid (iviniga) kwityuwa- okanye ishukela-yolk kunciphisa ukuxhathisa ukushisa kweSalmonella. Iingoma zokubopha amanzi kwiisoseji zihlala zibandakanya i-acetic acid okanye ityuwa yesodium, ngelixa i-calcium acetate isetyenziselwa ukugcina ukuthungwa kwemifuno egayiweyo, enkonkxiweyo.
I-acetic acid ivela kwiviniga. Iveliswa kwi-distillation etshabalalisayo yokhuni. Ifumana ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwishishini lemichiza. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-cellulose acetate, i-acetate rayon, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-acetate kunye ne-acetyl compounds; njengento yokunyibilikisa iintsini, ioyile, neentlaka; njengento yokugcina ukutya ekushicileleni nasekudayeni; kunye ne-organicsynthesis.
I-acetic acid yikhemikhali ebalulekileyo yoshishino. Ukusabela kwe-acetic acid kunye ne-hydroxyl equkethe iikhompawundi, ngakumbi i-alcohols, kubangela ukubunjwa kwe-acetate esters. Ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwe-acetic acid kukuveliswa kwe-vinyl acetate. IVinyl acetate inokuveliswa ngokusabela kwe-acetylene kunye ne-acetic acid. Ikwaveliswa kwi-ethylene kunye ne-acetic acid. I-acetate ye-vinyl yenziwe i-polymerized kwi-polyvinyl acetate (i-PVA), esetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweefayili, iifilimu, izinto zokuncamathelisa, kunye neepeyinti ze-latex.
I-cellulose acetate, esetyenziswa kwiingubo kunye nefilimu yezithombe, iveliswa ngokuphendula i-cellulose nge-acetic acid kunye ne-acetic anhydride phambi kwe-sulfuric acid. Ezinye ii-esters ze-acetic acid, ezifana ne-ethyl acetate kunye ne-propyl acetate, zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo.
I-Acetic acid isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iplastiki ye-polyethylene terephthalate (PET) . I-acetic acid isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amayeza.
IGlacial Acetic Acid sisisimuncu esilulwelo olucacileyo, olungenambala olunencasa yeasidi xa luxutywe ngamanzi. Ingama-99.5% okanye ngaphezulu kubunyulu kwaye imenyezela kwi-17°c. Isetyenziselwa ukugqoka isaladi kwifom ehlanjululweyo ukubonelela nge-acetic acid efunekayo. Isetyenziswa njenge-preservative, acidulant, kunye ne-agent agent. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-acetic acid, i-glacial.
I-Chemwin inokubonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwee-hydrocarbons ezininzi kunye nezinyibilikisi zeekhemikhali kubathengi bamashishini.Ngaphambi koko, nceda ufunde olu lwazi lulandelayo olusisiseko malunga nokwenza ishishini nathi:
1. Ukhuseleko
Ukhuseleko yeyona nto iphambili kuthi. Ukongeza ekunikeni abathengi ngolwazi malunga nokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo nokuhambelana nokusingqongileyo kweemveliso zethu, sikwazimisele ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imingcipheko yokhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye neekontraka ziyathotywa ukuya kutsho kubuncinane obufanelekileyo nobunokwenzeka. Ngoko ke, sifuna ukuba umthengi aqinisekise ukuba imigangatho efanelekileyo yokukhutshwa kunye nokugcinwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko idibene ngaphambi kokunikezelwa kwethu (nceda ubhekisele kwisihlomelo se-HSSE kwimimiselo jikelele kunye neemeko zokuthengisa ngezantsi). Iingcali zethu zeHSSE zinokubonelela ngesikhokelo kule migangatho.
2. Indlela yokuhambisa
Abathengi banokuodola kwaye bahambise iimveliso kwi-chemwin, okanye banokufumana iimveliso kwisityalo sethu sokuvelisa. Iindlela ezikhoyo zothutho ziquka iilori, uloliwe okanye uthutho lweendlela ezininzi (kuyasebenza iimeko ezahlukileyo).
Kwimeko yeemfuno zabathengi, sinokucacisa iimfuno zeenqanawa okanye iitanki kwaye sisebenzise imigangatho ekhethekileyo yokhuseleko / ukuhlaziya kunye neemfuno.
3. Ubuncinci bobungakanani bomyalelo
Ukuba uthenga iimveliso kwiwebhusayithi yethu, ubungakanani obuncinci bomyalelo ziitoni ezingama-30.
4.Intlawulo
Indlela yokuhlawula eqhelekileyo itsalwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiintsuku ezingama-30 kwi-invoyisi.
5. Amaxwebhu okuhanjiswa
La maxwebhu alandelayo anikwe ngokuziswa ngakunye:
· Ibhili yokuLading, i-CMR Waybill okanye olunye uxwebhu olufanelekileyo lwezothutho
· Isatifikethi sokuHlalutya okanye ukuThobela (ukuba siyafuneka)
· Amaxwebhu anxulumene neHSSE ngokuhambelana nemigaqo
· Amaxwebhu ezinto eziqhelekileyo ngokuhambelana nemigaqo (ukuba kuyafuneka)