Igama lemveliso:iacetic acid

Imo yemolekyuli:C2H4O2

Inombolo yeCAS:64-19-7

Imveliso yesakhiwo semolekyuli:

Inkcazo:

Iipropati zeMichiza:

I-Acetic acid, i-CH3COOH, lulwelo olungenambala, oluguquguqukayo kumaqondo obushushu akwindawo engqongileyo. Ikhompawundi esulungekileyo, i-acetic acid yomkhenkce, ibizwa ngegama layo ngenxa yembonakalo yayo efana nomkhenkce kwi-15.6°C. Njengoko kubonelelwe ngokubanzi, i-acetic acid iyisisombululo se-6 N yamanzi (malunga ne-36%) okanye isisombululo se-1 N (malunga ne-6%). Ezi okanye ezinye iidilution zisetyenziswa ekongezeni izixa ezifanelekileyo zeacetic acid ekutyeni. I-Acetic acid yimpawu ye-asidi yeviniga, ukugxininiswa kwayo ukusuka kwi-3.5 ukuya kwi-5.6%. I-acetic acid kunye ne-acetates zikhona kwizityalo ezininzi kunye nezicubu zezilwanyana kwiimali ezincinci kodwa ezibonakalayo. Zizinto eziqhelekileyo ze-metabolic intermediates, ziveliswa ziintlobo zebhaktiriya ezifana ne-Acetobacter kwaye zinokudityaniswa ngokupheleleyo kwi-carbon dioxide yi-microorganisms efana ne-Clostridium thermoaceticum. I-rat yenza i-acetate ngesantya se-1% yobunzima bomzimba wayo ngosuku.

Njengolwelo olungenambala olunevumba elinamandla, elibukhali, elinophawu lweviniga, luluncedo kwibhotolo, itshizi, iidiliya kunye nencasa yeziqhamo. Incinci kakhulu i-acetic acid ecocekileyo njengoko isetyenziswa ekutyeni, nangona ihlelwa yi-FDA njengento ye-GRAS. Ngenxa yoko, inokuthi isetyenziswe kwiimveliso ezingabandakanywayo kwiiNkcazo kunye neMigangatho yesazisi. I-Acetic acid iyona nxalenye ephambili yeviniga kunye ne-pyroligneous acid. Ngohlobo lweviniga, ngaphezu kwe-27 yezigidi ze-lb zongezwa ekutyeni ngo-1986, malunga nezixa ezilinganayo ezisetyenziswa njenge-acidulants kunye ne-flavoring agents. Enyanisweni, i-acetic acid (njengeviniga) yayiyenye yezinto zokuqala zokunambitha. Iiviniga zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseleleni isaladi yokugqoka kunye ne-mayonnaise, i-pickle emuncu kunye ne-sweet kunye neesosi ezininzi kunye ne-catsups. Zikwasetyenziswa ekunyangeni inyama nasekunkonkxeni imifuno ethile. Ukwenziwa kwe-mayonnaise, ukongezwa kwenxalenye ye-acetic acid (iviniga) kwityuwa- okanye ishukela-yolk kunciphisa ukuxhathisa ukushisa kweSalmonella. Iingoma zokubopha amanzi kwiisoseji zihlala zibandakanya i-acetic acid okanye ityuwa yesodium, ngelixa i-calcium acetate isetyenziselwa ukugcina ukuthungwa kwemifuno egayiweyo, enkonkxiweyo.

Isicelo:

I-1.Isetyenziswe kwi-synthesis yedayi kunye neenki.

2. Isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iziqholo.

3. Isetyenziswa kwishishini lerabha neleplastiki. Isetyenziswe njenge-solvent kunye neyokuqala izinto kwiipolymers ezininzi ezibalulekileyo (ezifana ne-PVA, i-PET, njl.) kwi-rubber kunye namashishini eplastiki.

4. Isetyenziswe njengento yokuqala yepeyinti kunye nezixhobo zokunamathela

5. Isetyenziswa kwishishini lokulungisa ukutya njengesongezo kwisonka samasi neesosi nanjengesigcinakaliso sokutya.

Acetic acid - Ukhuseleko

I-LD50 yomlomo kwiigundane: 3530mg / kg; percutaneous LDso kwimivundla: 1060mg/kg; ukuphefumla i-thLC50 yeempuku: 13791mg/m3. edlekayo. Ukuphefumla lo mphunga wemveliso uyacaphukisa impumlo, umqala kunye nomgudu wokuphefumula. Ukucaphukisa kakhulu emehlweni. Ukukhuselwa, hlambulula ngamanzi ahambayo. Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukudibanisa ne-oxidizer, i-alkali, iikhemikhali ezidliwayo, njl njl. Gcina kwindawo epholileyo, yokugcina umoya. Zigcine kude nomlilo kunye nemithombo yobushushu. Gcina isitya sivaliwe. Gcina ngokwahlukileyo kwi-oxidizers kunye ne-alkalis.